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And that brings me to my first major
我寫《半邊天》的兩個(gè)信條之一
of two tenets of "Half the Sky."
是從這里得到啟發(fā)的。
And that is that
這一個(gè)信條就是
the central moral challenge
本世紀(jì)
of this century
最大的倫理道德挑戰(zhàn)
is gender inequity.
是性別不公。
In the 19th century, it was slavery.
在19世紀(jì)是奴隸制。
In the 20th century, it was totalitarianism.
在20世紀(jì)是極權(quán)主義。
The cause of our time
這兩點(diǎn)直接導(dǎo)致
is the brutality that so many people
全世界這么多人因?yàn)樾詣e
face around the world because of their gender.
而受到不公正待遇的殘酷現(xiàn)實(shí)。
So some of you may be thinking,
你們中有些人可能在想，
"Gosh, that's hyperbole.
“天哪，這有點(diǎn)太夸張了。
She's exaggerating."
她是在夸大事實(shí)。”
Well, let me ask you this question.
那么請(qǐng)讓我提出這個(gè)問題。
How many of you think there are more males or more females in the world?
你們中多少人認(rèn)為世界上的男性比較多，或者女性比較多？
Let me take a poll. How many of you think there are more males in the world?
我們來問卷調(diào)查吧。多少人認(rèn)為世界上男性比較多？
Hands up, please.
請(qǐng)舉手。
How many of you think -- a few -- how many of you there are more females in the world?
多少人認(rèn)為世界上女性比較多？
Okay, most of you.
好了，絕大多數(shù)。
Well, you know this latter group, you're wrong.
之后舉手的，你們都錯(cuò)了。
There are, true enough,
百分之一百的事實(shí)是，
in Europe and the West,
在歐洲和西方國家，
when women and men
女人和男人
have equal access to food and health care,
在飲食和醫(yī)療享有同等待遇，
there are more women, we live longer.
女性比男性多，因?yàn)榕詨勖^長。
But in most of the rest of the world, that's not the case.
然而在其他地方，事實(shí)正相反。
In fact, demographers have shown
人口統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，
that there are anywhere between 60 million
目前人口中，
and 100 million
存在著
missing females in the current population.
約6000萬到1億的女性人口缺口。
And, you know, it happens for several reasons.
原因有幾個(gè)。
For instance, in the last half-century,
比如，20世紀(jì)后50年內(nèi)
more girls were discriminated to death
死于歧視的女孩
than all the people killed on all the battlefields
比整個(gè)20世紀(jì)內(nèi)死于戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的人
in the 20th century.
還要多。
Sometimes it's also because of the sonogram.
還有一個(gè)原因是超聲波的使用。
Girls get aborted before they're even born
資源的稀缺
when there are scarce resources.
導(dǎo)致女孩甚至在出世前就被拋棄。
This girl here, for instance,
比如，這個(gè)女孩，
is in a feeding center in Ethiopia.
當(dāng)時(shí)在埃塞俄比亞的一個(gè)補(bǔ)給中心。
The entire center was filled with girls like her.
整個(gè)中心都是和她一樣的女童。
What's remarkable is that her brothers, in the same family,
值得注意的是，她的親生兄弟們，
were totally fine.
卻全部安然無恙。
In India, in the first year of life,
在印度，
from zero to one,
從零到一歲之間，
boy and girl babies basically survive at the same rate
男嬰和女嬰的存活率相同，
because they depend upon the breast,
因?yàn)槎伎磕溉槲桂B(yǎng)，
and the breast shows no son preference.
母親的乳房不會(huì)多愛兒子一點(diǎn)。
From one to five,
從一歲到五歲，
girls die at a 50 percent higher mortality rate
整個(gè)印度，
than boys, in all of India.
女孩的死亡率比男孩高50%。
The second tenet of "Half the Sky"
《半邊天》的第二個(gè)信條，
is that, let's put aside the morality of all the right and wrong of it all,
讓我們暫且不去爭論道德理論和對(duì)錯(cuò)，
and just on a purely practical level,
在最現(xiàn)實(shí)的層面，
we think that
我們認(rèn)為，
one of the best ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism
戰(zhàn)勝貧困和恐怖主義的最佳途徑
is to educate girls
就是讓女孩接受教育，
and to bring women into the formal labor force.
讓女人成為正式勞動(dòng)力。
Poverty, for instance.
拿貧困來說。
There are three reasons why this is the case.
我有三個(gè)原因。
For one, overpopulation is one of
第一，人口過剩
the persistent causes of poverty.
持續(xù)地導(dǎo)致了貧困的發(fā)生。
And you know, when you educate a boy,
一個(gè)接受了教育的男孩，
his family tends to have fewer kids,
傾向于生更少的孩子，
but only slightly.
不過這種傾向很弱。
When you educate a girl,
而一個(gè)接受了教育的女孩，
she tends to have significantly fewer kids.
會(huì)強(qiáng)烈地傾向于少要孩子。
The second reason is
第二個(gè)原因
it has to do with spending.
與消費(fèi)有關(guān)。
It's kind of like the dirty, little secret of poverty,
某種意義上，可以說是貧困的
which is that,
骯臟的小秘密，
not only do poor people
窮人不僅僅
take in very little income,
收入少得可憐，
but also, the income that they take in,
而且，他們也不懂
they don't spend it very wisely,
如何理智地花錢。
and unfortunately, most of that spending is done by men.
很不幸，大部分消費(fèi)都是由男人決定的。
