1、maintain

a、維持;保持

The Department maintains many close contacts with the chemical industry.

這個部門與化工行業保持著眾多密切的聯系。

Push yourself to make friends and to maintain the friendships.

要求自己與人交友并保持友誼。

b、斷言;宣稱;堅稱

He has maintained that the money was donated for international purposes.

他堅稱這筆捐款將用于國際用途。

Prosecutors maintain no deal was made.

原告堅持說不存在任何交易。

c、保持，維持（在某一比率或水平上）

The government was right to maintain interest rates at a high level.

政府維持高利率的做法是正確的。

action is required to ensure standards are maintained at as high a level as possible.

要求采取行動確保標準維持在盡量高的水平上。

d、維修;保養

The house costs a fortune to maintain...

維修這幢房子花銷不菲。

2、against

a、緊靠；倚；碰

She leaned against him.

她緊靠著他。

On a table pushed against a wall there were bottles of beer and wine.

在一張靠墻的餐桌上有啤酒和葡萄酒。

b、反對（計劃、政策、制度等）

Taxes are unpopular — it is understandable that voters are against them.

稅收不受歡迎——選民們反對是可以理解的。

Joan was very much against commencing drug treatment.

瓊極力反對進行藥物治療。

c、與…競爭；與…對陣

The tour will include games against the Australian Barbarians.

這次巡回賽將包括和澳大利亞野人隊的比賽。

Billy Hardy has pulled out of his second fight against Noel Carroll after a training accident.

一次訓練事故之后，比利·哈迪退出了和諾埃爾·卡羅爾的第二次比賽。