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6．The Growth of City
6．城市的發(fā)展
More and more of the world's population areliving in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the lessdeveloped countries is alarming. Between 1920 and 1960, big cities in developedcountries increased two and a half times in size, but in other parts of theworld the growth was eight times their size.
世界上越來(lái)越多的人居住在城鎮(zhèn)或都市里。在次發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中，城市的擴(kuò)張速度是值得關(guān)注的。在1920至1960年間，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家大城市的規(guī)模增加了兩倍半，但是在世界其他地方，城市的規(guī)模相當(dāng)于原來(lái)的8倍。
The sheer size of growth is bad enough, butthere are now also very disturbing signs of trouble in the comparison ofpercentages of people living in towns and percentages of people working inindustry. During the 19th century, cities grew as a result of the growth ofindustry. In Europe, the proportion of people living in cities was alwayssmaller than that of the workforce working in factories. Now, however, thereverse is almost always true in the newly industrialized world; The percentageof people living in cities is much higher than the percentage woking inindustry.
僅僅就城市增長(zhǎng)的規(guī)模而言已經(jīng)夠糟的了，但是倘若把居住在城鎮(zhèn)和都市的人口的比例和從事工業(yè)人口的比例進(jìn)行比較的話，現(xiàn)在也出現(xiàn)了非常讓人不安的跡象。在19世紀(jì)，作為工業(yè)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，城市也隨之?dāng)U張。在歐洲，居住在城市人口的比例總是比在工廠中工作的勞動(dòng)力的比例要小。然而，在新興的工業(yè)化地區(qū)，情況幾乎總是相反的——在城市居住的人口比例要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于工廠中勞動(dòng)人口的比例。
Without a base of people working inindustry, these cities cannot pay for their growth. There is not enough moneyto build adequate houses for the people that live there, let alone the newarrivals. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or otherfacilities. So the figures for the growth of towns and cities representproportional growth of unemployment and underemployment, a growth in the numberof hopeless and despairing parents ans starving children.
沒(méi)有從事工業(yè)的勞動(dòng)力基礎(chǔ)，這些城市就無(wú)法償付它們的擴(kuò)張。它們將缺乏為在那兒生活的居民建造足夠住所的資金，更不必說(shuō)滿足后來(lái)者的居住了。它們將很難有機(jī)會(huì)修建供水系統(tǒng)和其他設(shè)施。城鎮(zhèn)和都市擴(kuò)張的數(shù)字代表著失業(yè)和未充分就業(yè)增加的比例，代表著越來(lái)越多的失望的、沮喪的父母和饑腸轆轆的兒童。
