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4.Formal Language and Informal Language
4.正式語言和非正式語言
You probable have noticed that peopleexpress similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in.This is very natural. All languages have two general levels of usage — a fomallevel and an informal level. English is no exception. The diffenrence in thesetwo levels is the situation in which you use a particular level.
你或許注意到人們會用不同的方式表達類似的觀點，這取決于他們所處的環境。這種現象很自然。所有語言都有兩個普遍的使用層次——正式層面和非正式層面。英語也不例外。兩個層次的區別在于你使用語言的語境。
Formal language is the kind of language youfind in textbooks, reference books and in business letters. You would also useformal English in compositions and essays that you write in school. Informallanguage is used in conversation with colleagues, family members and friends,and when we write personal notes of letters to close friends.
正式語言是在課本、參考書和商業信函中出現的語言。你也會在學校布置的作文的論文中使用正式語言。非正式語言是在與同事、家人和朋友交流時使用的，以及我們在寫個人筆記或給好朋友寫信時也會用到。
Formal language is different from informallanguage in several ways. First, formal language tends to be more polite. Whatwe may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. Forexample, I might say to a friend or a family member "Close the door,please." But to a stranger, I probably would say, "Would you mindclosing the door?"
正式語言和非正式語言在很多方面有所不同。首先，正式語言顯得更禮貌。我們發現的有趣現象是通常要想追求禮貌，我們必須多說些話。例如，我或許會對我的朋友和家人說“請關門。”但是，對于一位陌生人，我可能會說“你介意把門關上嗎？”
Another difference between formal andinformal language is some of the vocabulary. There are bound to be some wordsand phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Let'ssay that I really like soccer. If I am talking to my friend, I might say."I am just crazy about soccer." But if I were talking to my boss, Iwould probably say, "I really enjoy soccer."
正式語言和非正式語言的另一處不同在于部分詞匯。某些詞匯與詞組屬于正式語言，而有些是非正式的。我們說真的喜歡足球時，如果和我的朋友交流，我或許會說：“我為足球瘋狂。”如果對我的老板，或許會說：“我很欣賞足球。”除生命存在的可能。
