評論
打印
I'm going to go off script and make Chris quite nervous here
我打算不按預定的來，這讓克里斯很緊張
by making this audience participation.
我打算讓觀眾參與互動
All right. Are you with me? Yeah. Yeah. All right.
懂我的意思吧，懂。很好
So what I'd like to do is have you raise your hand
我要你舉手
if you've ever heard a heterosexual couple having sex.
如果你聽到過異性戀夫婦做愛發出的聲音
Could be the neighbors, hotel room, your parents. Sorry.
可以是鄰居，酒店客房，或是父母，抱歉
Okay. Pretty much everybody.
幾乎所有人都聽過
Now raise your hand if the man was making more noise than the woman.
如果你聽到男的制造出的聲音比女的大，請舉手
I see one guy there.
我好像只看到一個人舉手
It doesn't count if it was you, sir.
如果是你的話，那就不算，先生
So his hand's down. And one woman. Okay.
他把手放了下來，還有一位女士，好
Sitting next to a loud guy.
坐在一個很吵的人旁邊
Now what does this tell us?
這告訴我們什么
It tells us that human beings make noise when they have sex,
這告訴我們，人類在做愛時會發出聲響
and it's generally the woman who makes more noise.
而且一般都是女性的聲音大
This is known as female copulatory vocalization to the clipboard crowd.
順便給大家講下，這被稱作女性交配發聲
I wasn't even going to mention this,
我本不打算講這個
but somebody told me that Meg Ryan might be here,
不過有人告訴我梅格·瑞安在這里
and she is the world's most famous female copulatory vocalizer.
而她是世界上最著名的女性交配發聲者
So I thought, got to talk about that.
因此我想，我必須講講這個
We'll get back to that a little bit later.
后面我們還會回頭講一下這個
Let me start by saying human beings are not descended from apes,
首先我要講的是，人類并不是猿的后裔
despite what you may have heard. We are apes.
雖然你們可能聽說過，我們是猿
We are more closely related to the chimp and the bonobo
和人關系更近的其實是黑猩猩和倭猩猩
than the African elephant is to the Indian elephant,
這種親緣關系比非洲象和印度象還近
as Jared Diamond pointed out in one of his early books.
這是賈雷德·戴蒙德在他早期著作中指出的
We're more closely related to chimps and bonobos than
我們同黑猩猩和倭猩猩的關系要近過
chimps and bonobos are related to any other primate
黑猩猩和倭猩猩同其它任何靈長類的關系
gorillas, orangutans, what have you.
無論是同大猩猩，紅猩猩還是別的什么
So we're extremely closely related to them,
我們同它們的關系非常近
and as you'll see in terms of our behavior, we've got some relationship as well.
其實在行為上，我們也和它們非常類似
So what I'm asking today, the question I want to explore with you today is,
今天我要同你們一同探索的問題是
what kind of ape are we in terms of our sexuality?
就性而言，我們是怎樣的猿
Now, since Darwin's day there's been what Cacilda and I have called
追尋達爾文的足跡，我和卡希爾達
the standard narrative of human sexual evolution, and you're all familiar with it,
提出了人類性進化的標準描述，你們應該很熟悉
even if you haven't read this stuff.
哪怕你們沒有讀過這些東西
The idea is that, as part of human nature,
其思想是，作為人類天性的一部分
from the beginning of our species' time,
從人類初始開始
men have sort of leased women's reproductive potential
通過將特定產品和服務提供給女性
by providing them with certain goods and services.
男性租用了女性的生殖潛能
Generally we're talking about meat, shelter, status, protection, things like that.
一般而言，我們討論的是肉，住所，地位，保護這些
And in exchange, women have offered fidelity, or at least a promise of fidelity.
作為交換，女性則提供忠誠，或者至少是對忠誠的保證
Now this sets men and women up in an oppositional relationship.
這讓男性和女性處在了對立的關系上
The war between the sexes is built right into our DNA, according to this vision. Right?
根據這種觀點，兩性之間的戰爭實際上是根植于DNA中的
What Cacilda and I have argued is that
我和卡希爾達認為
no, this economic relationship,
不，這個經濟關系
this oppositional relationship,
這個對立關系
is actually an artifact of agriculture,
實際上是農業造成的
which only arose about 10,000 years ago at the earliest.
最早只出現在大約一萬年前
Anatomically modern human beings
解剖學意義上的現代人類
have been around for about 200,000 years,
已經存在了大約二十萬年
so we're talking about five percent, at most,
因此，這里頂多只是5%的
of our time as a modern, distinct species.
我們作為現代人類這一區別性物種的時間
So before agriculture, before the agricultural revolution,
在農業出現之前，在農業革命之前
it's important to understand that human beings lived in huntergatherer groups
我們需要理解，人類生活在狩獵采集的環境下
that are characterized wherever they're found in the world
無論處在世界上的什么地方
by what anthropologists called fierce egalitarianism.
這都被人類學家稱作"殘酷的平等主義"
They not only share things, they demand that things be shared:
他們不僅分享東西，還要求東西被分享
meat, shelter, protection, all these things
肉，住所，保護這些
that were supposedly being traded to women for their sexual fidelity,
原本被認為是女性用性忠誠來換取的東西
it turns out, are shared widely among these societies.
實際上是在社會范圍內廣泛共享的
Now I'm not saying that our ancestors were noble savages, and I'm not saying
我倒不是說，我們的祖先是高貴的野蠻人，或是
modern day huntergatherers are noble savages either.
現代狩獵采集者是高貴的野蠻人
What I'm saying is that
我只是說
this is simply the best way to mitigate risk in a foraging context.
這不過是覓食環境中減少風險的最佳方式
And there's really no argument about this among anthropologists.
這在人類學界并沒有太多爭議
