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According to the celiac sprue association
根據乳糜瀉研究協會的說法
there are three major steps that are taken in order to
診斷一個人是否患有乳糜瀉
diagnose a person with celiac disease.
需要三個主要的步驟
The first step includes a thorough physical examination
第一步是進行一個全面的身體檢查
to look for any signs of celiac disease
看被檢查人是否有乳糜瀉預兆
such as fatigue or weight loss.
比如疲憊和體重下降
A blood panel is also conducted, sometimes referred to
還要進行全血細胞計數
as a celiac blood panel to look at
有時被稱為腹腔全血細胞計數
other indicators of celiac disease such as antibodies.
來檢查其中是否有乳糜瀉的預兆，如出現抗體
Second, a multi-sample biopsy of the duodenal portion
第二步，對十二指腸進行多樣本組織檢查
of the intestine is done in order to look at
查看是否有由麥膠蛋白引起的
possible damage from the gluten.
可能的損害
The third step includes implementing
第三步是
the gluten-free diet.
執行無麥膠蛋白飲食
When the person's health begins to improve
當健康狀況開始改善的時候
symptoms start to diminish and the intestinal villi
乳糜瀉的癥狀就會逐漸消失
start to repair themselves celiac disease is diagnosed.
小腸絨毛也會進行自我修復
Please be aware that it is important to keep gluten
請注意為了保證診斷的準確性
in the diet for an accurate diagnosis.
要在食品中保留麥膠蛋白
Removal of gluten too early before seeing a physician
如果去醫院檢查之前就提前不吃含有
can remove signs and symptoms of celiac disease
麥膠蛋白的食物，可能會導致乳糜瀉的一些癥狀
needed for a successful diagnosis.
消失，從而無法做出正確的診斷
As you can see in this diagram
這張圖顯示的是
there are three different areas of the intestine.
三個不同區域
The duodenum is the portion of the intestine
十二指腸緊連胃部
that immediately follows the stomach and
也正是
where biopsy samples
需要從這里提取樣本
are taken to diagnose celiac disease.
進行乳糜瀉診斷
Now that you understand
現在你已經明白了
how celiac disease is diagnosed and that
乳糜瀉如何診斷
someone with celiac disease needs to follow
乳糜瀉患者應該
a strict gluten-free diet.
嚴格執行無麥膠蛋白飲食
Let's discuss what gluten is
現在我們來討論一下何為麥膠蛋白
and where you may find it in the food supply.
在何種食物中可以找到麥膠蛋白
Gluten is a protein
麥膠蛋白是一種蛋白質
that gives bread dough elasticity
在二氧化碳作用下
which allows it to rise without collapsing
可以使面團膨脹
while trapping the CO2.
并具有彈性
Gluten is what gives bread and bread-like products
麥膠蛋白可以使面包和面包類產品
a desirable volume and texture.
按人們的要求呈現出不同的大小和質地
It is found in wheat, rye and barley as well as
麥膠蛋白存在于小麥，黑麥和大麥以及
all wheat derivatives including bulgar, couscous
麥類衍生品中，如碾碎的干小麥，蒸粗麥粉，面筋
mataza, seitan, semolina, triticale, spelt, kamut
粗粒小麥粉，黑小麥，斯佩爾特小麥
and einkorn and emmer and anything with wheat
呼羅珊小麥，單粒小麥，二粒小麥等
in the title except for buckwheat.
以及除蕎麥之外的以麥來命名的物質
Someone who is following a strict gluten-free diet
執行無麥膠蛋白飲食的人
must stay away from these grains
應該遠離這些谷物
as they contain gluten.
因為它們含有麥膠蛋白
This is a flow chart showing
這張流程圖顯示的是
where the grains that contain gluten
含有麥膠蛋白的谷物
fall within the plant kingdom.
在植物王國中如何分布
Notice they are all grouped
注意，雖然被劃分為同一種類
in the same species so wheat, rye and
小麥，黑麥和大麥中含有麥膠蛋白
barley contain gluten while rice, corn, teff
而水稻，玉米，埃塞俄比亞畫眉草
buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth are gluten-free.
蕎麥，藜麥以及莧菜中沒有麥膠蛋白
Currently the FDA has
目前美國食品及藥物管理局
no definition for gluten free.
對無麥膠蛋白還沒有明確的定義
The proposed definition of gluten is
有人建議應該把麥膠蛋白定義為
proteins that naturally occur in a prohibited grain
在一些谷物中自然存在的蛋白質
and that may cause adverse health effects
若進入乳糜瀉患者體內則會對健康造成
in persons with celiac disease
不利影響
where a prohibited grain would be defined as wheat
其中，一些谷物，被定義為小麥，黑麥和大麥
rye, barley or cross-bred hybrids of wheat
以及這三者的
rye or barley.
雜交作物
For example triticale is a cross between
比如，黑小麥就是
wheat and rye.
黑麥和小麥的雜交產物
This labeling is voluntary for those companies
這種分類方法由生產
whose products meet the definition of gluten-free.
無麥膠蛋白食品的公司自由采納
Gluten-free labeling was proposed in 2007
2007年就有人提出了無麥膠蛋白分類
and as of 2009 still remains in draft form.
的建議，但到2009年依然還處于籌備狀態
Because of this lack of labeling it is important
因為缺少這種分類
for those who have celiac disease
所以對于乳糜瀉患者來說
to carefully read labels in order to determine
仔細閱讀標簽確定食品是否
whether the food contains gluten or not.
含有麥膠蛋白是非常重要的
