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Mobility in developing world cities
在世界上發(fā)展中國家城市里
is a very peculiar challenge,
流動(dòng)性是一個(gè)非常嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)
because different from health
因?yàn)樗徒】?/div>
or education or housing,
教育或住房不同
it tends to get worse as societies become richer.
當(dāng)社會(huì)變得更富有時(shí)，它反而變得更糟
Clearly, a unsustainable model.
顯然，是一個(gè)不可持續(xù)的發(fā)展模式
Mobility, as most other developing country problems,
流動(dòng)性，如同其他大多數(shù)，發(fā)展中國家所遇到的問題
more than a matter of money or technology,
不僅僅是錢或科技的問題
is a matter of equality, equity.
更是有關(guān)平等、公平的問題
The great inequality in developing countries
發(fā)展中國家巨大的不平等
makes it difficult to see, for example,
讓我們很難看到，例如
that in terms of transport,
在交通方面
an advanced city is not one
一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)的城市
where even the poor use cars,
不是連窮人都能使用汽車的地方
but rather one where even the rich
而是甚至富有的人
use public transport.
都去使用公共交通工具的地方
Or bicycles: For example, in Amsterdam,
像是自行車：例如，在阿姆斯特丹
more than 30 percent of the population
超過30%的人口
uses bicycles,
使用自行車
despite the fact that the Netherlands has
盡管事實(shí)上，荷蘭的人均收入
a higher income per capita than the United States.
已高過美國
There is a conflict in developing world cities
發(fā)展中國家城市內(nèi)部也有矛盾
for money, for government investment.
為了錢，為了政府投資
If more money is invested in highways,
如果更多的錢投資在路政上
of course there is less money for housing,
那么投資在房屋
for schools, for hospitals,
學(xué)校，醫(yī)院，各方面的錢就會(huì)減少
and also there is a conflict for space.
當(dāng)然也有為了爭奪空間的矛盾
There is a conflict for space between
矛盾出現(xiàn)在
those with cars and those without them.
那些有汽車和那些沒有汽車的人之間
Most of us accept today
今天我們大多數(shù)人接受
that private property and a market economy
私人財(cái)產(chǎn)和市場經(jīng)濟(jì)
is the best way to manage most of society's resources.
是管理大部分社會(huì)資源的最佳方式
However, there is a problem with that,
然而，隨之而來的一個(gè)問題是
that market economy needs
市場經(jīng)濟(jì)需要通過
inequality of income in order to work.
收入不平等來鼓勵(lì)人們工作
Some people must make more money,
有些人自然賺到更多的錢
some others less.
有些人賺的就較少一些
Some companies succeed. Others fail.
一些公司獲得成功，一些公司倒閉
Then what kind of equality
那么什么樣的平等
can we hope for today
是我們今天在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下
with a market economy?
所期待的？
I would propose two kinds
我提出兩種
which both have much to do with cities.
這兩種都與城市有關(guān)
The first one is equality of quality of life,
第一種是生活質(zhì)量的平等
especially for children,
特別是對兒童來說
that all children should have,
所有兒童都應(yīng)該擁有
beyond the obvious health and education,
除了健康和教育條件外
access to green spaces, to sports facilities,
享受綠地，使用體育設(shè)施
to swimming pools, to music lessons.
使用泳池，接觸音樂課程
And the second kind of equality
我所說的第二種平等
is one which we could call "democratic equality."
我們稱之為“民主權(quán)利平等”
The first article in every constitution states
每個(gè)國家憲法的第一條規(guī)定都是
that all citizens are equal before the law.
所有公民在法律面前一律平等
That is not just poetry.
這不只是詩
It's a very powerful principle.
而是一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的原則
For example, if that is true,
舉例來說，如果這是真的
a bus with 80 passengers
載有 80名乘客的巴士
has a right to 80 times more road space
有權(quán)獲得比單人駕駛的小汽車
than a car with one.
多 80倍的道路空間
We have been so used to inequality, sometimes,
我們已經(jīng)非常習(xí)慣于不平等，有時(shí)
that it's before our noses and we do not see it.
它就在面前，我們看不到它
Less than 100 years ago,
幾十年前
women could not vote,
女性沒有投票權(quán)
and it seemed normal,
好像是正常的事
in the same way that it seems normal today
正如今天我們看到
to see a bus in traffic.
一輛公共汽車處在擁擠的道路中
In fact, when I became mayor,
事實(shí)上，當(dāng)我成為市長的時(shí)候
applying that democratic principle
運(yùn)用這一民主原則
that public good prevails over private interest,
即公眾利益高于私人利益
that a bus with 100 people
當(dāng)一輛巴士載有 100人
has a right to 100 times more road space than a car,
就有權(quán)獲得比一輛小車，多 100倍的道路空間
we implemented a mass transit system
我們實(shí)施了一個(gè)大運(yùn)量客運(yùn)系統(tǒng)
based on buses in exclusive lanes.
基于公交專用車道
We called it TransMilenio, in order to make buses sexier.
我們?yōu)樗按┰角ъ?為了讓巴士更性感
And one thing is that it is also a very beautiful democratic symbol, because as buses zoom by,
還有一個(gè)非常漂亮的民主符號是，當(dāng)巴士飛馳而過
expensive cars stuck in traffic,
而昂貴的豪華轎車被堵在路上
it clearly is almost a picture of democracy at work.
很明顯，這就是民主得到實(shí)現(xiàn)的畫面
In fact, it's not just a matter of equity.
事實(shí)上，它不僅僅是公平問題
It doesn't take Ph.D.'s.
不需要博士
A committee of 12-year-old children
一組 12歲的兒童
would find out in 20 minutes
就能在 20分鐘內(nèi)找出
that the most efficient way to use scarce road space
使用有限道路空間的最有效方法
is with exclusive lanes for buses.
是設(shè)立公交車專用車道
In fact, buses are not sexy,
事實(shí)上，公共汽車并不性感
but they are the only possible means
但它們是唯一可能
to bring mass transit to all areas
在快速發(fā)展的發(fā)展型城市
of fast growing developing cities.
提供大量客運(yùn)的交通工具
