Democracy is in trouble, no question about that,
毫無疑問的是,民主正處于危難之中。
and it comes in part from a deep dilemma
這種危難部分來自于
in which it is embedded.
扎根于其中的兩難境地。
It's increasingly irrelevant to the kinds of decisions
我們面臨的抉擇越來越與國與國之間的界線無關。
we face that have to do with global pandemics,
如我們所面臨的的全球性流行病,
a cross-border problem;
不是境內境外的問題;
with HIV, a transnational problem;
如獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征(簡稱HIV),不是國家內部的問題;
with markets and immigration,
如市場與移民,
something that goes beyond national borders;
不是國家領土界線內的問題;
with terrorism, with war,
再如恐怖主義、戰爭,
all now cross-border problems.
這些都是超越了國家與界線的問題。
In fact, we live in a 21st-century world
實際上,我們共存在二十一世紀
of interdependence,
這是一個互相依賴的世界,
and brutal interdependent problems,
也是一個有著很多殘酷的互相依賴問題的世界,
and when we look for solutions in politics and in democracy,
當我們去政界和民主中找答案時,
we are faced with political institutions
我們面對的是400年前
designed 400 years ago,
組織建立起來的政治機構,
autonomous, sovereign nation-states
與有著法律與領土界線的
with jurisdictions and territories
自治的主權國家,
separate from one another,
這些政治機構與國際彼此分離,
each claiming to be able to solve the problem
各自主張自己能夠解決
of its own people.
自己人民的問題。
Twenty-first-century, transnational world
我們生活在的是二十一世紀,應是一個有著困難和挑戰
of problems and challenges,
的無國界世界,
17th-century world of political institutions.
而它卻籠罩在十七世紀的政治機構體制之下。
In that dilemma lies the central problem of democracy.
民主的核心問題正存在于這種兩難境地中。
And like many others, I've been thinking about
我與其他人一樣都在想一個問題,
what can one do about this, this asymmetry
那就是,我們可以如何處理
between 21st-century challenges
這橫跨在二十一世紀眾多挑戰中的不平衡
and archaic and increasingly dysfunctional
我們應該如何處理這種古舊的政體和
political institutions like nation-states.
越發機能失調的政治機構(如單一民族國家)。
And my suggestion is
我的建議是,
that we change the subject,
我們應該改一改話題,
that we stop talking about nations,
不談國家,
about bordered states,
不談界線,
and we start talking about cities.
而開始把我們的話題轉移到城市。
Because I think you will find, when we talk about cities,
因為,我想相信當我們開始談到城市的時候,你就會發現
we are talking about the political institutions
我們談到的是
in which civilization and culture were born.
孕育著文明與文化的政治機構;
We are talking about the cradle of democracy.
我們談到的是民主的搖籃;
We are talking about the venues in which
我們談到的是人民在公共場所集會,
those public spaces where we come together
談論民主、創造民主,
to create democracy, and at the same time
而與此同時,
protest those who would take our freedom, take place.
也抗議那些剝奪我們自由的勢力。
Think of some great names:
想想那些偉大的名字吧:
the Place de la Bastille,
巴士底廣場(法國巴黎,巴士底獄所在地),
Zuccotti Park,
祖科蒂公園(美國紐約,占領華爾街集會所在地)
Tahrir Square,
塔利爾解放廣場(埃及開羅,埃及七月革命所在地)
Taksim Square in today's headlines in Istanbul,
和在今日頭條的塔克西姆廣場(土耳其伊斯坦布爾,人民示威游行所在地)
or, yes,
或者,是的,
Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
中國北京的天安門廣場。
Those are the public spaces
在這些公共場所中,
where we announce ourselves as citizens,
我們宣告自己為公民,
as participants, as people with the right
為參與者,
to write our own narratives.
為有權利書寫我們自己人生的人民。
Cities are not only the oldest of institutions,
城市不僅僅是最古老的機構,
they're the most enduring.
還是最經久不衰的機構。
If you think about it,
想想看,
Constantinople, Istanbul, much older than Turkey.
君士坦丁堡和伊斯坦布爾(城市)比土耳其(國家)持久;
Alexandria, much older than Egypt.
亞歷山大港,比埃及更不朽;
Rome, far older than Italy.
羅馬,遠比意大利經久不衰。
Cities endure the ages.
城市,經得起歲月的考驗。
They are the places where we are born,
城市是我們出生、
grow up, are educated, work, marry,
成長、受教育、工作以及結婚的地方;
pray, play, get old, and in time, die.
也是我們祈禱、玩耍、老去以及死亡的地方。
They are home.
城市是我們的家。
Very different than nation-states,
他們不同于抽象意義上的
which are abstractions.
民族與國家。
We pay taxes, we vote occasionally,
我們也許會納稅,也許會偶爾投票選舉,
we watch the men and women we choose rule
也許會看著那些由我們選舉出來的男人和女人們
rule more or less without us.
或多或少不考慮我們的統治著這個國家。
Not so in those homes known as our towns
他們都不如我們譽為家的小鎮,
and cities where we live.
和我們生活的城市。