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We saw this a couple of decades ago
我們在在幾世紀(jì)之前目睹了這一切的發(fā)生。
when Teddy Kollek, the great mayor of Jerusalem
當(dāng)耶路撒冷的市長，特迪·科勒克 (Teddy Kollek)
in the '80s and the '90s,
在八十和九十年代，
was besieged one day in his office
被來自于不同背景的宗教領(lǐng)袖
by religious leaders from all of the backgrounds,
包圍在辦公室里，
Christian prelates, rabbis, imams.
基督教主教、猶太教和伊斯蘭教領(lǐng)袖
They were arguing with one another
對圣地麥加的朝圣問題
about access to the holy sites.
爭論不休。
And the squabble went on and on,
市長科勒克聆聽著這些領(lǐng)袖們的爭論，
and Kollek listened and listened,
最后說，
and he finally said, "Gentlemen,
“先生們，
spare me your sermons,
把你們的步道放一放，
and I will fix your sewers."
我去給你們修下水道?！?/div>
?
That's what mayors do.
這就是市長們的工作。
They fix sewers, they get the trains running.
他們修理下水道，他們使火車運(yùn)行。
There isn't a left or a right way of doing.
這不是一個左翼，也不是一個右翼的處理方式。
Boris Johnson in London calls himself an anarcho-Tory.
倫敦市長鮑里斯·約翰遜 （Boris Johnson）稱他自己為無政府主義者 - 托利（黨）
Strange term, but in some ways, he is.
一個非常奇怪的名字，但他卻是這樣。
He's a libertarian. He's an anarchist.
他是一個自由主義者。他是一個無政府主義者。
He rides to work on a bike,
他每天騎自行車上班，
but at the same time, he's in some ways a conservative.
但與此同時，他又在某方面又有一些保守。
Bloomberg in New York was a Democrat,
紐約市市長邁克爾·布隆伯格 (Michael Bloomberg) 起先是一個民主黨成員，
then he was a Republican,
后來他又是一個共和黨成員，
and finally he was an Independent, and said
但最后他退出兩個黨派然后說，
the party label just gets in the way.
“黨派的標(biāo)簽妨礙我做事。”
Luzhkov, 20 years mayor in Moscow,
盧日科夫（Yori Luzhkov）在莫斯科擔(dān)任了二十年的市長，
though he helped found a party, United Party with Putin,
盡管他幫助普金共同建立了聯(lián)合黨
in fact refused to be defined by the party
但他實(shí)際上拒絕被定義為政黨人士
and finally, in fact, lost his job not under Brezhnev,
最后，他不是在勃列日涅夫手下
not under Gorbachev, but under Putin,
也不是在戈?duì)柊蛦谭蚴窒拢?/div>
who wanted a more faithful party follower.
而是渴望更忠誠的政黨追隨者的普金手下丟掉了工作。
So mayors are pragmatists and problem-solvers.
所以，我再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，市長是實(shí)用主義者，他們能夠解決問題。
They get things done.
他們能夠使事物運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
But the second thing about mayors
另外一件我想說的關(guān)于市長的事是，
is they are also what I like to call homeboys,
我喜歡把他們叫做“哥們兒”
or to include the women mayors, homies.
不過如果要把女市長們也列入其中的話，就叫他們“死黨”吧。
They're from the neighborhood.
他們從我們的街坊鄰里中被選舉出來，
They're part of the neighborhood. They're known.
是社區(qū)的一部分，而且他們也知道這一點(diǎn)。
Ed Koch used to wander around New York City
紐約市長埃德·科克（Ed Koch）層漫步于紐約街頭，
saying, "How am I doing?"
采訪路人問，“我任職期間做的怎么樣？”
Imagine David Cameron
想想戴維·卡梅倫（David Cameron），
wandering around the United Kingdom
如果他漫步于大不列顛王國的街頭，隨口就問，“我做的如何？”
asking, "How am I doing?" He wouldn't like the answer.
他應(yīng)該不會喜歡那個答案。
Or Putin. Or any national leader.
或者普金，或者任何國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。
He could ask that because he knew New Yorkers
埃德·科克之所以能夠這么問是因?yàn)樗私饧~約人，
and they knew him.
紐約人也了解他。
Mayors are usually from the places they govern.
市長通常從他所管轄的區(qū)域中選舉出來，
It's pretty hard to be a carpetbagger and be a mayor.
非本地的參政者通常沒有辦法被選舉為市長。
You can run for the Senate out of a different state,
你可以在不同的州為議員拉選票，
but it's hard to do that as a mayor.
但卻無法作為市長這么做。
And as a result, mayors and city councillors
所以，市長、市議員
and local authorities
和地方當(dāng)局
have a much higher trust level,
在民眾中有更高的信任度。
and this is the third feature about mayors,
而這也是關(guān)于市長的第三個特點(diǎn)，
than national governing officials.
那就是比國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人更具有民心。
In the United States, we know the pathetic figures:
在美國，我們知道一個可悲的數(shù)據(jù)：
18 percent of Americans approve of Congress
只有18%的美國民眾
and what they do.
贊成國會和國會的所作所為。
And even with a relatively popular president like Obama,
而甚至是稍微更受青睞的總統(tǒng)奧巴馬，
the figures for the Presidency run about 40, 45,
也不過在總統(tǒng)大選中獲得的支持率得到40%或45%，
sometimes 50 percent at best.
最多50%。
The Supreme Court has fallen way down from what it used to be.
最高法院的支持率也比以往大大下滑。
But when you ask, "Do you trust your city councillor,
但如果你問民眾，“你是否信任你們市議員，
do you trust your mayor?"
你是否相信你們市長？”
the rates shoot up to 70, 75, even 80 percent,
支持率飆升至70%，75%，甚至是80%。
because they're from the neighborhood,
因?yàn)樗麄儚慕址秽徖镏斜贿x舉出來，
because the people they work with are their neighbors,
因?yàn)樗麄兊耐艂円彩撬麄兊泥従樱?/div>
because, like Mayor Booker in Newark,
因?yàn)椋拖窦~瓦克的市長布克（Cory Booker）
a mayor is likely to get out of his car on the way to work
是一個不坐豪華車去上班的市長，
and go in and pull people out of a burning building --
是一個沖進(jìn)火場并把人火場里救出來的市長
that happened to Mayor Booker --
這是真實(shí)發(fā)生在市長布克身上的事情
or intervene in a mugging in the street as he goes to work
或者在他上班的途中看見行兇搶劫毫不猶豫的上前見義勇為
because he sees it.
就只因?yàn)樗匆娏?，他就不會坐視不管?/div>
No head of state would be permitted
沒有任何一個國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人
by their security details to do it,
會被安全條例所允許去做這件事，
nor be in a position to do it.
也不會去做這件事。
That's the difference, and the difference
這就是他們之間存在的區(qū)別。
has to do with the character of cities themselves,
而這種區(qū)別與城市的特性本身相關(guān)，
because cities are profoundly multicultural,
因?yàn)槌鞘惺侨诤隙喾N文化的，
open, participatory, democratic,
開放的、供人分享的、民主的、
able to work with one another.
合作無間的。
When states face each other,
而國家間的交流，
China and the U.S., they face each other like this.
如中美兩國，他們的交流模式是一種模式 ，
When cities interact, they interact like this.
而城市間的交流是另外一種模式。
China and the U.S., despite the recent
中美兩國，且不論最近在加州召開的高層會議，
meta-meeting in California,
兩國之間被各種
are locked in all kinds of anger, resentment, and rivalry
憤怒、不滿以及競爭所禁錮。
for number one.
兩個國家都想要爭第一。
We heard more about who will be number one.
我們對于誰可能坐上第一的寶座的爭論聽得很多了。
Cities don't worry about number one.
但城市之間從來不用擔(dān)心誰會第一的問題。
They have to work together, and they do work together.
城市之間必須彼此合作，而它們真的在這么做，
They work together in climate change, for example.
她們合作對抗氣候變化問題，
Organizations like the C40, like ICLEI, which I mentioned,
如C40，ICLEI這些我剛才提到的組織，
have been working together
都在互相合作，
many, many years before Copenhagen.
而這些是很早就在哥本哈根氣候大會之前發(fā)生的事。
In Copenhagen, four or five years ago,
四五年前，
184 nations came together to explain to one another
184個國家聚集在哥本哈根
why their sovereignty didn't permit them
為自己辯解為什么他們的國家不允許他們
to deal with the grave, grave crisis of climate change,
處理這一場日漸嚴(yán)峻的氣候變化危機(jī)。
but the mayor of Copenhagen had invited
但是哥本哈根市長卻邀請到了
200 mayors to attend.
200位來自世界各地的市長參與會議。
They came, they stayed, and they found ways
他們參加會議，共同商討并最終找到
and are still finding ways to work together,
并仍在尋找方法使城市間、
city-to-city, and through inter-city organizations.
通過城際組織共同合作的道路。
| 重點(diǎn)單詞 | 查看全部解釋 | |||
| grave | [greiv] |
想一想再看 n. 墳?zāi)?，墓?br />adj. 嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)重的，莊 |
||
| permitted |
想一想再看 adj. 被允許的 v. 允許（permit的過去分詞） |
|||
| permit | ['pə:mit,pə'mit] |
想一想再看 n. 許可證，執(zhí)照 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| faithful | ['feiθfəl] |
想一想再看 adj. 如實(shí)的，忠誠的，忠實(shí)的 |
||
| democratic | [.demə'krætik] |
想一想再看 adj. 民主的，大眾的，平等的 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| anarchist | ['ænəkist] |
想一想再看 n. 無政府主義者 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| popular | ['pɔpjulə] |
想一想再看 adj. 流行的，大眾的，通俗的，受歡迎的 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| resentment | [ri'zentmənt] |
想一想再看 n. 怨恨，憤恨 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| rivalry | ['raivəlri] |
想一想再看 n. 敵對，競爭，對抗 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| defined | [di'faind] |
想一想再看 adj. 有定義的，確定的；清晰的，輪廓分明的 v. 使 |
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