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By the 1950s, Hewlett-Packard was a fast-growing company making technical instruments.
到20世紀(jì)50年代，惠普已經(jīng)成為一家制造技術(shù)儀器的快速成長的公司。
Fortunately there was a place nearby for entrepreneurs who had outgrown their garages.
幸運的是，附近有一個地方為那些企業(yè)規(guī)模已經(jīng)超出車庫的創(chuàng)業(yè)者們提供了更大的發(fā)展空間。
In a move that would help transform the area into the cradle of the tech revolution, Stanford University’s dean of engineering, Frederick Terman, created a seven-hundred-acre industrial park on university land for private companies that could commercialize the ideas of his students.
斯坦福大學(xué)的工程系主任弗雷德里克·特曼（Frederick Terman)在學(xué)校擁有的土地上開辟了一座占地700英畝的工業(yè)園區(qū)，提供給可以將學(xué)生們的創(chuàng)意商業(yè)化的私人企業(yè)。
Its first tenant was Varian Associates, where Clara Jobs worked.
第一家租戶便是瓦里安聯(lián)合公司，也就是克拉拉?喬布斯工作的地方。
“Terman came up with this great idea that did more than anything to cause the tech industry to grow up here,” Jobs said.
“特曼的偉大計劃對技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)在此地發(fā)展壯大的推動作用，是其他任何事情都無法比擬的。”喬布斯說。
By the time Jobs was ten, HP had nine thousand employees and was the blue-chip company where every engineer seeking financial stability wanted to work.
在喬布斯10歲那年，惠普公司已經(jīng)擁有9000名雇員，并且成為每一個渴望穩(wěn)定收入的工程師都夢寐以求的一流企業(yè)。
The most important technology for the region’s growth was, of course, the semiconductor.
在硅谷的發(fā)展中，最重要的一項技術(shù)顯然是半導(dǎo)體。
William Shockley, who had been one of the inventors of the transistor at Bell Labs in New Jersey, moved out to Mountain View and,
在新澤西的貝爾實驗室期間與人共同發(fā)明了晶體管的威廉·肖克利（William Shockley)，也搬到了山景城，
in 1956, started a company to build transistors using silicon rather than the more expensive germanium that was then commonly used.
他在1956年創(chuàng)辦了一家公司，用硅代替當(dāng)時普遍使用的也較為昂貴的鍺來制造晶體管。
But Shockley became increasingly erratic and abandoned his silicon transistor project, which led eight of his engineers— most notably Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore—to break away to form Fairchild Semiconductor.
但隨后肖克利變得越來越乖僻，他放棄了硅晶體管項目，這也導(dǎo)致了他麾下的8名工程師---最著名的有羅伯特·諾伊斯（Robert Noyce)和戈登·摩爾（Gordon Moore)---離他而去并創(chuàng)辦了仙童半導(dǎo)體公司（Fairchild Semiconductor)。
That company grew to twelve thousand employees, but it fragmented in 1968, when Noyce lost a power struggle to become CEO.
該公司發(fā)展到了12000人的規(guī)模，但是1968年，諾伊斯在一場爭奪CEO (首席執(zhí)行官）寶座的權(quán)力斗爭中失敗后，公司分裂了。
He took Gordon Moore and founded a company that they called Integrated Electronics Corporation, which they soon smartly abbreviated to Intel.
諾伊斯帶走了戈登·摩爾，創(chuàng)辦了集成電路公司(Integrated Electronics Corporation),他們巧妙地將公司簡稱為“英特爾”（Intel)。
Their third employee was Andrew Grove, who later would grow the company by shifting its focus from memory chips to microprocessors.
他們的第三名員工是安德魯·格魯夫(Andrew Grove)，他在20世紀(jì)80年代通過將業(yè)務(wù)重心從存儲器芯片轉(zhuǎn)移到微處理器上而使公司發(fā)展壯大。
Within a few years there would be more than fifty companies in the area making semiconductors.
僅僅幾年的時間，這一地區(qū)就出現(xiàn)了超過50家生產(chǎn)半導(dǎo)體的公司。
The exponential growth of this industry was correlated with the phenomenon famously discovered by Moore,
半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)的爆炸式發(fā)展與摩爾發(fā)現(xiàn)的著名現(xiàn)象有關(guān)，
who in 1965 drew a graph of the speed of integrated circuits, based on the number of transistors that could be placed on a chip, and showed that it doubled about every two years, a trajectory that could be expected to continue.
他在1965年繪制的一張圖表顯示，集成電路每個芯片所能容納的晶體管數(shù)目大約每兩年就會翻一番，性能也會提升一倍，而且這一趨勢還會繼續(xù)。
This was reaffirmed in 1971, when Intel was able to etch a complete central processing unit onto one chip, the Intel 4004, which was dubbed a “microprocessor.”
這一發(fā)現(xiàn)在1971年得到了再一次證實，當(dāng)時英特爾公司成功地將一個完整的中央處理器蝕刻到了一塊芯片上——制成了英特爾4004——他們稱之為“微處理器”。
Moore’s Law has held generally true to this day,
摩爾定律直至今日依然基本準(zhǔn)確，
and its reliable projection of performance to price allowed two generations of young entrepreneurs, including Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, to create cost projections for their forward-leaning products.
它對產(chǎn)品性價比的可靠預(yù)測讓包括史蒂夫·喬布斯和比爾·蓋茨在內(nèi)的兩代年輕企業(yè)家可以對自己的未來產(chǎn)品作出成本推測。
The chip industry gave the region a new name when Don Hoefler,
芯片產(chǎn)業(yè)賦予該地區(qū)一個全新的名字。
a columnist for the weekly trade paper Electronic News, began a series in January 1971 entitled “Silicon Valley USA.”
從1971年1月起，每周發(fā)行的專業(yè)類報紙《電子新聞》(Electronic News) 的專欄作家唐·赫夫勒（Don Hoefler)，開始了一組系列報道，標(biāo)題為“美國硅谷”。
