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And there's actually an entire industry that is in some ways based on anthropomorphizing well,and that is the psychopharmaceutical industry.
其實有一整個行業。基于貼切的擬人化那就是精神藥物的行業。
One in five Americans is currently taking a psychopharmaceutical drug,from the antidepressants and antianxiety medications to the antipsychotics.
有五分之一的美國人 正在服用精神藥物，從抗抑郁藥 和抗焦慮的藥物到抗精神病藥。
It turns out that we owe this entire psychopharmaceutical arsenal to other animals.
其實我們欠動物們一整個精神藥物行業。這些藥先在非人類動物身上測試。
These drugs were tested in non-human animals first,and not just for toxicity but for behavioral effects.
而且并不止測毒性 還會觀察對行為的影響。
The very popular antipsychotic Thorazine first relaxed rats before it relaxed people.
一個非常常用的安定劑--冬眠靈第一個放松的是老鼠，而不是人類。
The antianxiety medication Librium was given to cats selected for their meanness in the 1950s and made them into peaceable felines.
利眠寧抗焦慮的藥物在上世紀50年代喂給根據惡劣程度挑選出的貓然后讓它們變的聽話又溫順。
And even antidepressants were first tested in rabbits.
還有一些抗抑郁藥 首先在兔子身上測試。
Today, however, we are not just giving these drugs to other animals as test subjects,but they're giving them these drugs as patients,both in ethical and much less ethical ways.
今天，被喂藥的動物不是測試對象而是病人。出于道德和不道德的原因。
SeaWorld gives mother orcas antianxiety medications when their calves are taken away.
美國海洋世界 在拿走逆戟鯨媽媽 的寶寶之后喂給她抗焦慮藥物。
Many zoo gorillas have been given antipsychotics and antianxiety medications.
很多動物園的大猩猩都會被喂精神病藥和抗焦慮藥。
But dogs like my own Oliver are given antidepressants and some antianxiety medications to keep them from jumping out of buildings or jumping into traffic.
而狗狗，像我的奧利弗一樣吃抗抑郁藥和抗焦慮藥是為了防止它們從樓房里跳出去，或跳進車來車往的交通。
Just recently, actually, a study came out in Science that showed that even crawdads responded to antianxiety medication.
最近，一篇在科學雜志發表的一項研究表明連喇蛄（一種淡水小龍蝦）也會對抗焦慮藥有反應。
It made them braver, less skittish, and more likely to explore their environment.
藥物讓它們更勇敢，不那么驚慌，并且更容易讓它們勘察它們的環境。
It's hard to know how many animals are on these drugs,but I can tell you that the animal pharmaceutical industry is immense and growing, from seven billion dollars in 2011 to a projected 9.25 billion by the year 2015.
很難知道有多少動物 在服用這些藥物，但我可以告訴你 動物制藥業很強大且還在發展。從2011年的70憶美金到2015年預估的92.5憶。
Some animals are on these drugs indefinitely.
有些動物會無限期服用這些藥物。
Others, like one bonobo who lives in Milwaukee at the zoo there was on them until he started to save his Paxil prescription and then distribute it among the other bonobos.
還有些，比如密爾沃基動物園的黑猩猩本來一直服用 帕羅西直到他把藥藏起來，并且分給其他黑猩猩就停用了。
More than psychopharmaceuticals, though, there are many, many, many other therapeutic interventions that help other creatures.
除了精神藥物以外，市面是上還有很多很多為動物治療的方案。
And here is a place where I think actually that veterinary medicine can teach something to human medicine,
而這里，我認為是人類藥學可以向獸類藥學學習的地方。
Which is, if you take your dog, who is, say,compulsively chasing his tail,into the veterinary behaviorist,their first action isn't to reach for the prescription pad.
就拿你的狗來說，他可能不停地追自己的尾巴,見了動物行為學家，而他的第一反應不是去拿處方藥方。
It's to ask you about your dog's life.
而是問問你，你家狗狗的生活。
