should + have + 過(guò)去分詞

1. 表示主觀推測(cè)

指對(duì)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況作主觀猜測(cè)，其意為“大概已經(jīng)”“應(yīng)該已經(jīng)”。如：

The letter should have arrived by now. 信現(xiàn)在該到了。
I can't think why he should have been so angry. 我想不通他怎么會(huì)這樣生氣。

注：該用法中的should也可換成ought to，意思不變。如：

The train should [ought to] have already left. 火車大概已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了吧。

2. 表示責(zé)備或批評(píng)

表示過(guò)去本來(lái)應(yīng)該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的情況，往往含有遺憾、責(zé)備、批評(píng)等感情色彩，通常可譯為“應(yīng)該”“本來(lái)應(yīng)該”等。如：

You should have reported the matter to the police. 你本應(yīng)該把這件事報(bào)告警察。
I beg your pardon. I suppose I should have knocked. 對(duì)不起，我想我應(yīng)該先敲一下門的。

如果是否定式，則表示本來(lái)不該發(fā)生的情況卻發(fā)生了。如：

You shouldn't have opened her letter. 你是不應(yīng)該拆她的信的。
She shouldn't have stood in a queue. She should have got tickets from the machine. 她本來(lái)就不該去排隊(duì)，她應(yīng)該在售票機(jī)那兒買票。

注：該用法中的should也可換成ought to，意思不變。如：

You should [ought to] have told us earlier. 你應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)告訴我們的。
You shouldn't [oughtn't to] have parked there. 你本不該把車停在這里。

3. 表示驚訝

表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況表示驚訝或不理解，通常含有“竟然”的意味。如：

It is a pity that he should have failed in the exam. 他考試竟然沒(méi)有及格，真是可惜。
I can't think why he should have said that it was my fault. 我真不明白，他怎么竟然說(shuō)這是我的過(guò)錯(cuò)。

4. 用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣

在虛擬條件句中，當(dāng)談?wù)撨^(guò)去的情況時(shí)，其句型通常是：主句用“could / would / should /might +have+過(guò)去分詞”，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：

If I had seen her I should have invited her. 我當(dāng)時(shí)要是看到她的話我本會(huì)邀請(qǐng)她的。
If he had received the present, he should have thanked her. 如果他收到了禮物，他是應(yīng)當(dāng)向她道謝的。
I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious. 如果我想到你是認(rèn)真的，我就不會(huì)笑了。