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Use the examples from the lecture to explain the concept of social learning.
請用課上所舉例子解釋社會學(xué)習(xí)的概念。
Read a passage about social learning from a psychology textbook.
請閱讀這篇選自心理學(xué)課本的關(guān)于社會學(xué)習(xí)的文章。
You will have 50 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
你將有50秒的時間閱讀文章，現(xiàn)在開始計時。
Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.
請聽心理學(xué)課上的部分內(nèi)容。
OK, so an example to illustrate this, uh, you'll often see this happen in families,
我們舉個例子來說明這個概念，這個例子在家庭中時常發(fā)生。
let's say, there're these two kids, a sister and the brother.
假如有這么兩個孩子，一個姐姐和一個弟弟。
Uh, let's say the girl is six and the boy's four,
我們假設(shè)這個小女孩六歲，小男孩四歲。
and one day they're all out shopping with their mother,
有一天，他們都和媽媽在外面購物，
and they're in the store, and the girl sees a toy she wants.
在一家商店里，小女孩看到了一個她想要的玩具。
She asks her mother to buy, uh, to buy the toy for her, but the mother says "no."
她叫媽媽給她買......給她買這個玩具，但是媽媽沒有同意。
So, what does the little girl do?
那么，這個小女孩接下來會怎么做呢？
She starts crying and screaming and, you know, "Mommy, I want this!"
她開始一邊哭一邊叫喊，喊著"媽媽，我想買這個！"
And, finally, Mom gives in and says, "OK, fine, you can have it," and buys the girl the toy.
最后，媽媽終于讓步了并說："好吧，給你買"。然后就給小女孩買了這個玩具。
Now, don't forget, the little brother's there and he's watching all this happen,
現(xiàn)在不要忘了，弟弟也在那兒，而且他正看著發(fā)生的一切，
and maybe he sees these sorts of thing happen a lot, his mother giving in when his sister cries and screams.
也許他見過好幾次這種事情：當(dāng)他姐姐又哭又鬧的時候媽媽會做出讓步。
What do you think he's going to start doing when he wants something from Mom?
你覺得等他想要媽媽給他什么的時候，他會開始怎么做？
He'll probably cry and scream, right? But, what if the opposite happened?
他可能會又哭又鬧，對嗎？但是，如果當(dāng)初情況相反呢？
Say Mom didn't give in and didn't buy the girl the toy, in fact, say,
假設(shè)媽媽沒有讓步，也沒給小女孩買玩具，事實上，
the Mom instead disciplined the girl for screaming and crying
我們假設(shè)媽媽反而為了小女孩的哭鬧懲罰了她，
when they got home she didn't let the little girl watch her favorite TV program.
等他們回到家的時候，媽媽沒有讓小女孩看她最喜歡的電視節(jié)目。
Again, the little boy is watching.
同樣的，弟弟一直在看。
Now, what's the little boy likely to do if he finds himself in a similar situation and he wants Mom to buy him something?
那么現(xiàn)在，如果小男孩遇到了類似的情況，也想要媽媽給他買什么的話，他會怎么做呢？
Chances are, he's NOT gonna cry and scream. Right?
很有可能，他不會哭鬧，對嗎？
