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Using the examples of Leafy Sea Dragon and the Cuttlefish, describe two kinds of camouflage and the benefits they provide.
請以葉海龍和墨魚為例描述兩種偽裝手段和它們帶來的益處。
Now listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.
請聽生物課上的部分內(nèi)容。
Now many sea animals, in order to hide from predators, have, over time,
很多生活在海里的動物為了躲避捕食者，經(jīng)過時間的推移，
developed different kinds of camouflage to help them blend in with their environment and avoid detection by predators.
進化出了不同類型的偽裝手段來幫助它們?nèi)谌胫車沫h(huán)境，不被捕食者察覺。
Picture the surface of the sea floor, it's as varied as the land we live on.
可以想象一下海床表面的樣子，它和我們生活的陸地一樣富于變化。
It's got peaks and valleys, vegetation, rocky areas,
海底也有山峰、峽谷、植物和巖石區(qū)。
and some sea animals have developed permanent colors or shapes to resemble these environmental features.
而一些海里的動物進化出了和這些特色環(huán)境類似的，永久的顏色或形狀。
This camouflage helps to disguise them from predators by enabling them to blend into, uh, a specific part of the sea.
這種偽裝通過幫助它們?nèi)谌牒５啄硞€具體部分來隱藏行跡。
For instance, take a kind of fish like the Leafy Sea Dragon, well, the name says it all,
就以葉海龍這種魚類為例吧，它的名字就說明一切了，
it resembles a small green dragon with leaf-like protrusions sticking out like arms.
葉海龍是一種長著葉子一樣的突出物的綠色小海龍，它身上葉子形狀的突出物像手臂一樣露在外面。
Now because its colors and shapes, it blends in extremely well with green sea plants.
憑借身體的顏色和形狀，葉海龍在綠色海生植物中可以隱藏得特別好。
So when the Leafy Sea Dragon is swimming through these plants, predators have trouble seeing it.
所以當葉海龍在這些植物中游過時，捕食者很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它的身影。
But when it enters other environments without these green plants, its camouflage doesn't work any more.
但是，當它進入沒有這些綠色植物的其他環(huán)境中時，它的偽裝就起不了作用了。
Now other sea animals are difficult to spot anywhere in the sea
還有一些海生動物無論在海里哪個地方都很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的蹤影，
because their type of camouflage enables them to change color.
因為它們擁有的偽裝手段可以讓它們變換顏色。
Take the Cuttlefish, a fish that is closely related to the squid and octopus,
比如墨魚，這種魚是槍烏賊和章魚的親戚，
unlike Leafy Sea Dragons, Cuttlefish have not developed any particular shape to hide from predators.
和葉海龍不同的是，墨魚并沒有進化出任何特別的形狀來躲避捕食者。
But, uh, they have a lot more mobility because their camouflage allows them to blend in to any environment,
但是，它們有更多機動性，因為它們的偽裝手段使它們可以融入任何環(huán)境，
because Cuttlefish have shifting pigments that allow them to change color in a matter of seconds,
這是因為墨魚體內(nèi)有可以不斷變化的色素，它們能在幾秒內(nèi)變換顏色，
and, so they can almost instantaneously match their color of their surroundings.
因此它們幾乎可以瞬間變成和周圍環(huán)境一樣的顏色。
If they're swimming by green sea plants, they'll turn green.
當它們在綠色海生植物旁游過時，它們會變成綠色。
And if they're swimming over the brown sea floor, they'll turn brown.
而當它們游過褐色的海床時，就會變成褐色。
