評論
打印
Using the points and examples from the talk,
請用對話中提到的觀點和例子
explain how substitute goods and complement goods influence demand for a particular product.
解釋替代品和互補品是如何影響某種特有產品的需求的。
Listen to part of a lecture in an economics class.
請聽經濟學課上的部分內容。
So, when we talked about the demand for a product,
當我們談到某一產品的需求時，
we're referring to how much consumers want to buy it, right?
我們指的是有多少消費者想要購買這種產品，對吧？
And often the demand for a product is influenced by its price,
一種產品的需求量經常受到其價格的影響，
the more expensive it becomes the less chance people want to buy it.
產品越貴，人們想要購買它的幾率就越小。
OK, but that's not the whole story.
不過...這還沒完。
Sometimes the demand for a product can also be influenced by the price of other related products.
有時產品的需求量也會受到其他相關產品的價格的影響。
First, there are other products called “substitute goods”.
首先，有些其他產品被稱為“替代品”。
If products can be substituted for one another then, um, well, then they are called substitute goods.
如果某些產品可以替代另一種產品，那么，它們就被稱為替代品。
They are similar enough to be interchangeable.
它們彼此相似到足以互相替代。
And, uh, the increase of price of one means the increase for the demand of the other.
而一種產品價格的上漲則意味著其他產品需求的增加。
Like, uh, like butter and margarine.
就像......就像黃油和人造黃油一樣。
They are pretty much used for the same purposes.
它們基本上都用于同樣的用途。
Margarine is butter's substitute and you can bake equally well with either.
人造黃油是黃油的替代品，不管用哪個都同樣可以做好烘焙。
Well, when the price of butter goes up, it becomes less affordable, and so what do people do?
所以，當黃油的價格上漲，不再那么容易買得起的時候，人們會做些什么呢？
They buy margarine instead, right?
他們會選擇購買人造黃油，對嗎？
So, uh, you see, increase of the price of butter increases the demand for margarine.
所以，你看，黃油價格的上漲使得人造黃油的需求有所增加。
Now, another instance with the price of one product can influence the demand of another is,
那么，關于一種產品的價格可以影響另一種產品的需求的另一個例子就是：
uh, is when you have two products that can't be used without each other.
兩種產品在使用時缺一不可的情況。
Those products we call “complement goods”.
我們稱這些產品為“互補品”。
They complement, or complete, each other, if you will.
它們互相補充，或者互相完善。
Like compact disks and compact disk players.
就像光盤和光盤播放器一樣。
You need both products in order to use either.
要使用其中之一，你需要同時擁有這兩種產品。
So if the price of either product increases demand for both is likely to decrease.
所以如果其中一種產品的價格上漲，那么兩者的需求量都有可能下降。
And if the price of the CDs goes up, well, demand for them will go down, right?
比如，當光盤的價格上漲時，它的需求會有所下降，對嗎？
And because CD's and CD player compliment each other,
而由于光盤和光盤播放器互為補充，
what will also happen is that the demand for CD player will go down, too.
光盤播放器的需求也會隨之下降。
