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Now first, time sampling. Time sampling means that researchers choose various time intervals for their observation.
首先，時間采樣。時間采樣是指研究人員選擇不同的時間間隔進行觀察。
Intervals may be selected systematically or randomly. Suppose we want to observe students' classroom behaviour.
時間間隔可以系統地或隨機地選擇。假設我們想觀察學生的課堂行為。
Then in systematic time sampling, our observations might be made during five 20-minute periods, beginning every hour.
在系統的時間采樣中，我們的觀察可能在每小時開始的20分鐘內進行，共觀察5個時間段。
The first observation period could begin at 9 am, the second at 10 am and so forth.
第一個觀察時間段可以從上午9點開始，第二個在上午10點開始，以此類推。
However, in random sampling, these five 20-minute periods may be distributed randomly over the course of the day.
然而，在隨機抽樣中，這5個20分鐘的時間段可能在一天中隨機分布。
That is to say, intervals between observation periods could vary—some longer, others shorter.
也就是說，觀察時間段之間的間隔可能會不一樣，有些長些，有些短些。
One point I'd like to make is systematic and random time sampling are not always used in isolation. They are often combined in studies.
我想說的一點是系統的和隨機的時間抽樣并不總是分開使用。在研究中，它們經常結合在一起。
For example, while observation intervals are scheduled systematically, observations within an interval are made at random times.
例如，觀察的時間間隔有系統的安排，而時間間隔內的觀察卻是在隨機時間內進行的。
That means the researcher might decide to observe only during 15-second intervals that are randomly distributed within each 20-minute period.
這意味著研究者可以選擇在20分鐘的時間段內隨機分布的15秒間隔內觀察。
Now let's come to situation sampling. Then, what is situation sampling?
現在我們來看情景抽樣。那么，什么是情景抽樣？
It involves studying behaviour in different locations and under different circumstances and conditions.
它包括研究不同地點的行為，以及在不同的環境和條件下的行為。
By sampling as many different situations as possible researchers can reduce the chance that their observation results will be peculiar to a certain set of circumstances and conditions.
通過對盡可能多的不同情況進行采樣，研究人員可以減少他們觀察結果受特定環境和條件影響的可能。
Why? Because people or for that manner animals do not behave in exactly the same way across all situations.
為什么？因為人類或動物的行為方式不一定在所有情境下都是一樣的。
For example, children do not always behave the same way with one parent as they do with the other parent, and animals do not behave the same way in zoos as they do in the wild.
例如，孩子們與父母雙方分別相處時，行為方式會不一樣。在動物園里，動物的行為也和在野外的行為不一樣。
So, by sampling different situations, a researcher can make more objective observations than he would in only a specific situation.
因此，通過對不同情況的取樣，研究者可以做出比在特定情況下更客觀的觀察。
