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The US Federal Reserve on Wednesday slashed interest rates by 50 basis points amid cooling inflation and a weakening labor market, marking the first rate cut in over four years. This signals the start of an easing cycle.
美國聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備委員會(huì)18日宣布，將聯(lián)邦基金利率目標(biāo)區(qū)間下調(diào)50個(gè)基點(diǎn)，降至4.75%至5.00%之間的水平。這是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)自2020年3月以來的首次降息，也標(biāo)志著由貨幣政策緊縮周期向?qū)捤芍芷诘霓D(zhuǎn)向。
"The Committee has gained greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably toward 2 percent, and judges that the risks to achieving its employment and inflation goals are roughly in balance," the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the central bank's policy-setting body, said in a statement.
美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)當(dāng)天結(jié)束為期兩天的貨幣政策會(huì)議。美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)決策機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)邦公開市場(chǎng)委員會(huì)18日在會(huì)議結(jié)束后發(fā)表聲明說，該委員會(huì)對(duì)通貨膨脹率可持續(xù)地朝著2%目標(biāo)前進(jìn)有了“更大信心”，并認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)充分就業(yè)和物價(jià)穩(wěn)定兩大目標(biāo)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大致處于平衡狀態(tài)。
When asked about this "larger-than-typical rate cut", Powell acknowledged that it's "a strong move" while noting that "we don't think we're behind. We think this is timely, but I think you can take this as a sign of our commitment not to get behind."
在會(huì)后舉行的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席鮑威爾稱50個(gè)基點(diǎn)的降息是一個(gè)“強(qiáng)有力的行動(dòng)”，同時(shí)表示聯(lián)邦公開市場(chǎng)委員會(huì)并不認(rèn)為降息行動(dòng)慢了，而是認(rèn)為這是及時(shí)的舉措。
The Fed chair pointed out that inflation "has eased substantially" from a peak of 7 percent to an estimated 2.2 percent as of August, referring to the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index, the Fed's preferred inflation gauge.
According to the Fed's latest quarterly summary of economic projections released Wednesday, Fed officials' median projection of PCE inflation is 2.3 percent at the end of this year, down from 2.6 percent in June projection.
鮑威爾指出，個(gè)人消費(fèi)支出價(jià)格指數(shù)已從7%左右的高點(diǎn)降至8月份的2.2%，這表明通脹已“顯著緩解”。美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)當(dāng)天發(fā)布的最新一期經(jīng)濟(jì)前景預(yù)期顯示，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員對(duì)今年年底個(gè)人消費(fèi)支出價(jià)格指數(shù)的中位數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)值降至2.3%，低于6月的2.6%。
Powell noted that in the labor market, conditions have continued to cool. Payroll job gains averaged 116,000 per month over the past three months, "a notable step down from the pace seen earlier in the year" he said, while adding that the unemployment rate has moved up but remains low at 4.2 percent.
The median unemployment rate projection, meanwhile, showed that unemployment rate would rise to 4.4 percent at the end of this year, up from 4.0 percent in June projection.
通脹下降的同時(shí)，美國就業(yè)市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)一些疲軟跡象。鮑威爾表示，過去3個(gè)月的平均每月就業(yè)增長為11.6萬，增速明顯低于今年早些時(shí)候的水平。同時(shí)，失業(yè)率升至4.2%。根據(jù)最新經(jīng)濟(jì)前景預(yù)期，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員對(duì)今年底失業(yè)率的中位數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)值為4.4%，高于6月的4.0%，這意味著勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)狀況不如此前預(yù)期。
"All 19 of the (FOMC) participants wrote down multiple cuts this year. All 19. That's a big change from June," Powell told reporters, referring to the closely-watched dot plot, where each FOMC participant sees the Fed funds rate heading.
“(聯(lián)邦公開市場(chǎng)委員會(huì))所有19位參與者今年都多次降息。全部19名成員。鮑威爾對(duì)記者表示:“這與6月份相比變化很大。”他指的是受到密切關(guān)注的點(diǎn)狀圖，每位FOMC成員都看到了聯(lián)邦基金利率的走向。
The newly released dot plot shows that nine out of the 19 members expect the equivalent of 50 more basis points of cuts by end of this year, while seven members expect a 25 basis point cut.
此外，經(jīng)濟(jì)前景預(yù)期還顯示，聯(lián)邦公開市場(chǎng)委員會(huì)的19名成員預(yù)期美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)在今年底前還將進(jìn)一步降息，其中9人預(yù)計(jì)將降息50個(gè)基點(diǎn)，7人預(yù)計(jì)將降息25個(gè)基點(diǎn)。
Starting from March 2022, the Fed had raised rates consecutively for 11 times to combat inflation not seen in forty years, pushing the target range for the federal funds rate up to between 5.25 percent and 5.5 percent, the highest level in over two decades.
從2022年3月開始，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)連續(xù)11次加息，以應(yīng)對(duì)40年一遇的通貨膨脹，由于通貨膨脹下降速度不如預(yù)期，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)自去年7月底以來一直將聯(lián)邦基金利率目標(biāo)區(qū)間維持在5.25%至5.5%之間，這是23年來的最高水平。
編輯：左卓
見習(xí)編輯：黎霈融
來源：新華社
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