評論
打印
The AIIB — what is it?
亞洲基礎設施投資銀行是什么？
The Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank is one of four institutions created or proposed by Beijing in what some see as an attempt to create a Sino-centric financial system to rival western dominated institutions set up after the second world war. The other institutions are the New Development Bank (better known as the Brics bank) and a contingent reserve arrangement, seen as alternatives to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund; and a proposed Development Bank of the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation, a six-country Eurasian political, economic and military grouping dominated by China and Russia.
亞洲基礎設施投資銀行(Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank，簡稱亞投行)是由中國創建或提議的四家新機構之一。外界認為，中國希望創建一個以自我為中心的國際金融體系，與二戰后創建的由西方主導的金融體系抗衡。其他三家機構包括新開發銀行(New Development Bank，其更為人所知的名字是“金磚銀行”)，一個應急儲備安排，它們被視為世界銀行(World Bank)和國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)的替代品，以及擬議中的上合組織開發銀行(Development Bank of the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation)。上合組織包括六個國家，是一個歐亞政治、經濟和軍事機構，由中國和俄羅斯主導。
What is it for?
創建亞投行的目的是什么？
The AIIB offers an alternative to the Asean Development Bank, which focuses on poverty relief and lacks the firepower to undertake the large-scale infrastructure projects that are the remit of the AIIB.
亞投行提供了一種取代東盟開發銀行(Asean Development Bank)的選擇。后者專注于扶貧，缺乏承擔大規模基礎設施項目的財力，而亞投行則瞄準了這類大規模基建項目。
What’s wrong with that?
亞投行的潛在問題？
In principle, nothing. But the ADB and the AIIB are seen as rival rather than complementary organisations. The ADB was established in 1966 and now has 67 members including 48 from Asia and the Pacific. But it is seen by many in the region as overly dominated by Japan and the US, which are by far its biggest shareholders with 15.7 per cent and 15.6 per cent respectively (compared with China’s 5.5 per cent). The AIIB was founded last year with 21 members. Notably absent were the US, Japan, Australia and South Korea. The US, it is said, lobbied countries not to join, while China worked hard to get them in.
從理論上說，沒有問題。但亞洲開發銀行(ADB)和亞投行被視為競爭對手，而不是互為補充。亞開行創建于1966年，擁有67個成員國，其中有48個國家來自亞洲和太平洋地區。但該地區很多人認為它太多受到日本和美國的主導，日美是目前該銀行最大股東，分別持股15.7%和15.6%（中國持股5.5%）。亞投行于去年創建，擁有21個成員國，引人注目的是，美國、日本、澳大利亞和韓國沒有加入。據說，美國曾游說很多國家不要加入亞投行，而中國花了很多力氣延攬這些國家。
Does that matter?
這些問題重要嗎？
Both sides clearly think it does. Proponents of the AIIB criticise the ADB for being overly bureaucratic. The AIIB’s critics say the new lender will play fast and loose with conditionality and other restrictions on the behaviour of borrowers, allowing corruption to flourish. More significant, however, are strategic considerations. The US and China are increasingly engaged in a struggle for regional influence, played out through institutions such as these.
雙方顯然都認為很重要。亞投行的支持者們批評亞開行過于官僚。亞投行的批評者們稱，這家新銀行對于貸款條件和借款者行為的規范限制寬松不一，將導致腐敗滋生。然而更為重要的是戰略考量。美國和中國正越來越多地加入對區域影響力的爭斗，而它們正是通過這些機構施加影響的。
