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9Reactivity
Reactivity is the tendency of people to act or appear differently when they know that they are being observed. In the 1920s, Hawthorne Works (a manufacturing facility) commissioned a study to see if different levels of light influenced worker productivity. What they found was incredible, changing the light caused productivity to soar! Unfortunately, when the study was finished, productivity levels decreased to their regular levels. This was because the change in productivity was not due to the light levels, but to the workers being watched. This demonstrated a form of reactivity; when individuals know they are being watched, they are motivated to change their behavior, generally to make themselves look better. Reactivity is a serious problem in research, and has to be controlled in blind experiments (“Blind” is when individuals involved in a research study are purposely withheld information so as not to influence the outcomes).
9反映
反應(yīng)是指當(dāng)人們發(fā)覺他們被觀察的時候會表現(xiàn)的與眾不同。在19世紀(jì)20年代，Hawthorne Works（一家生產(chǎn)企業(yè)）做了一個實驗，來看看在不同的光線條件下員工的生產(chǎn)率。他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)難以置信，光線的改變增加了很多生產(chǎn)力！可惜當(dāng)這個研究被完成的時候，實驗生產(chǎn)力低于他們的正常生產(chǎn)力。不是因為光線沒有在最合適的水平，而是因為員工發(fā)現(xiàn)他們被觀察了，他們就改變了他們的行為模式，為了使他們看上去更好看。在研究中反應(yīng)是一個很嚴肅的問題，而且已經(jīng)在盲人實驗中使用了。（盲人是指，當(dāng)個體在被進行實驗時，他們被要求不要因外界條件的改變而改變）
