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But hard-kill systems have problems, too.
但硬殺系統也有問題。
You need sophisticated radar to detect incoming missiles, and precise aim to hit them.
你需要先進的雷達來探測來襲的導彈，并精確瞄準以打擊它們。
Anti-tank missiles travel at hundreds of metres a second, so quick reaction times are vital.
反坦克導彈以每秒數百米的速度飛行，因此快速反應時間至關重要。
The Soviet Drozd system, one of the first hard-kill apss, was initially deployed in the 1980s, in the wake of the ussr’s invasion of Afghanistan.
蘇聯的Drozd系統是最早的硬殺APSS之一，最初在1980年代部署，在蘇聯入侵阿富汗之后。
It fired shells full of shotgun-like pellets at incoming missiles.
它向來襲的導彈發射霰彈槍一樣的子彈。
Afghanit, Drozd’s most recent successor, is built into Russia’s brand-new t-14 tanks.
Drozd的最新繼任者Afghanit被安裝在俄羅斯全新的t-14坦克中。
But Russia has struggled to construct enough of these.
但俄羅斯已經努力建造相當多的這些設施。
As best as analysts can tell, few apss-equipped tanks have so far been sent into Ukraine.
據分析人士所知，迄今為止，幾乎沒有帶有APSS的坦克被派往烏克蘭。
The army that is furthest along with hard-kill apss is Israel’s.
硬殺APSS使用最多的是以色列軍隊。
Its Trophy system is designed by Rafael, a firm in Haifa, and is fitted to the country’s Merkava tanks.
它的Trophy系統是由海法的拉斐爾公司設計的，并安裝在該國的Merkava坦克上。
Trophy fires a tight spread of precisely aimed projectiles, the idea being to minimise the danger the system poses to nearby friendly infantry.
Trophy發射精確瞄準的密集炮彈，目的是將系統對附近友軍步兵造成的危險降到最低。
Israel’s army claims that Trophy has defeated many anti-tank rocket attacks in Gaza—though Mr Hawkes notes that such attacks are probably from older, less sophisticated ATGMs.
以色列軍方稱，Trophy在加沙擊敗了許多反坦克火箭襲擊——盡管霍克斯指出，這些襲擊可能來自較老的、不太先進的反坦克導彈。
Trophy has attracted interest from abroad, too.
Trophy也吸引了國外的興趣。
America and Germany have equipped some tanks with it and Britain is running trials.
美國和德國已經為一些坦克配備了它，英國正在進行試驗。
There are downsides to such defences.
這樣的防御措施也有不利之處。
Apss take up weight, space and power -- all precious commodities in a tank.
APSS占據重量、空間和動力——所有這些都是坦克的珍貴指標。
Western tanks, in particular, says Mr Watling, have little room to grow heavier without compromising performance.
沃特林表示，尤其是西方坦克，在不影響性能的情況下，幾乎沒有增加重量的余地。
And hard-kill systems may protect against only a handful of incoming rounds, since debris from a successful interception is likely to damage the delicate radar on which the system relies.
此外，硬殺系統可能只能抵御少數幾發來襲的炮彈，因為成功攔截的碎片可能會損壞該系統所依賴的精密雷達設備。
Crafty enemies could rake tanks with machine-gun fire to disable this radar before the fact, says Mr Watling.
沃特林說，狡猾的敵人可以用機關槍掃射坦克，提前使雷達失效。
But a defence does not have to be perfect to be useful.
但防御系統并不一定非得完美才有用。
Mr Hawkes talks of multilayered, “onion-style” defences, in which screening infantry spot threats, smoke can obscure a tank’s location, and armour then protects the target if all else fails.
霍克斯談到了多層“洋蔥式”防御，在這種防御中，屏蔽步兵的現場威脅，煙霧可以掩蓋坦克的位置，如果其他一切都失敗了，裝甲可以保護目標。
Russia’s experience in Ukraine suggests adding another layer to that onion could prove useful indeed.
俄羅斯在烏克蘭的經驗表明，在洋蔥上再加一層可能確實有用。
