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Anti-anti-tank weapons
反“反坦克”武器
The best defence is a good offence
進攻是最好的防御
How to protect tanks against cheap deadly missiles
如何保護坦克免受廉價、致命導彈的攻擊
Russian tanks have been having a torrid time during the invasion of Ukraine.
在入侵烏克蘭期間，俄羅斯坦克經歷了一段艱難的時光。
According to Oryx, an open-source intelligence blog, at least 153 of them have been destroyed so far, along with 312 armoured vehicles.
根據開源情報博客Oryx的說法，到目前為止，至少有153輛坦克和312輛裝甲車被摧毀。
(The figures for the Ukrainian side are 26 and 57 respectively.)
（烏克蘭方面的數字分別為26和57。）
Many of these have been blown up by cheap anti-tank guided missiles (atgms) carried by Ukrainian infantry.
其中許多導彈被烏克蘭步兵攜帶的廉價反坦克導彈(ATGM)炸毀。
Western countries have shipped thousands of such weapons to Ukraine, ranging from American Javelins via Swedish-designed nlaws to German-made Panzerfaust-3s.
西方國家已經向烏克蘭運送了數千件這樣的武器，從瑞典設計的美國反裝甲標槍到德國制造的鐵拳3。
The war has been a powerful demonstration of the threat they pose to modern armour, says Jon Hawkes, a land-warfare guru at Jane's, a British military intelligence firm.
英國軍事情報公司簡氏公司的陸戰專家喬恩·霍克斯說，這場戰爭有力地證明了它們對現代裝甲構成的威脅。
Some Russian tank drivers have resorted to welding scrap-metal cages to their vehicles in a dubious effort to add extra protection.
一些俄羅斯坦克司機為了增加額外保護，在他們的車輛上焊接廢金屬籠，這種方法靠不住。
It is ironic that atgms have proved so effective, since Russi -- and the Soviet Union before it -- was a pioneer of so-called “active protection systems” (apss) designed specifically to defeat them.
具有諷刺意味的是，事實證明反坦克導彈非常有效，因為俄羅斯——以及之前的蘇聯——是所謂的“主動防護系統”(apss)的先驅，專門設計來擊敗反導彈系統。
Unlike armour, which is intended to limit damage to a vehicle if it is hit, apss are there to stop missiles striking in the first place.
裝甲旨在限制車輛在被擊中時受到的損害，與裝甲不同的是，APSS是為了在一開始就阻止導彈襲擊。
Armies around the world are experimenting with, and deploying, them.
世界各地的軍隊都在試驗和部署它們。
The war in Ukraine will add urgency to that task.
烏克蘭的戰爭將增加這項任務的緊迫性。
Apss come in two varieties, dubbed “soft-kill” and “hard-kill”.
APSS有兩種類型，分別稱為“軟殺”和“硬殺”。
Soft-kill systems divert a missile by interfering with its guidance systems--for instance, by dazzling them with infrared light or lasers.
軟殺系統通過干擾導彈的制導系統來轉移導彈的方向——例如，用紅外光或激光使導彈眼花繚亂。
Hard-kill systems are intended to destroy missiles in flight.
硬殺系統旨在摧毀飛行中的導彈。
The war in Ukraine shows the limitations of the soft-kill approach, says Jack Watling of the Royal United Services Institute, a think-tank in London.
倫敦智庫皇家聯合軍種研究所的杰克·沃特林表示，烏克蘭戰爭顯示了軟殺方法的局限性。
“You need a good technical understanding of the system you're trying to defeat.”
你需要對你要擊敗的系統有很好的技術理解。
The potpourri of atgms fielded by Ukrainian soldiers comes with many different guidance systems.
烏克蘭士兵配備了許多不同的制導系統。
Jamming all of them is impossible.
干擾所有系統是不可能的。
