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Existing attempts at wound-soldering rely on thermal imaging to measure temperature.
現有的傷口焊接嘗試依賴于熱成像來測量溫度。
But that only measures the temperature at the surface of the solder, rather than throughout the material.
但這只測量了焊料表面的溫度，而不是整個材料的溫度。
Mr Cipolato and Inge Herrmann, a chemical engineer at eth, hope their improved paste can get around such problems.
Cipolato先生和ETH的化學工程師Inge Herrmann希望他們改進后的糊狀物可以避免這樣的問題。
It is made up of two kinds of nanoparticles, specks of material of only about 20-billionths of a metre across.
它由兩種納米顆粒組成，它們是直徑僅為20億分之一米的小顆粒。
Between them, these help direct the energy of the laser to the places it should be, and help doctors gauge the conditions in the paste.
它們幫助引導激光的能量到它應該在的地方，并幫助醫生衡量糊狀物中的條件。
The first set of particles are made of titanium nitrate.
第一組顆粒是由硝酸鈦制成的。
They eagerly absorb photons of red or near infrared light, precisely the colours that most easily penetrate living tissue, and release the energy as heat to their surroundings.
它們快速地吸收紅光或近紅外線的光子，正是最容易穿透活組織的顏色，并將能量以熱的形式釋放到周圍。
That efficient absorption means the paste can be heated by a relatively weak laser beam, which helps protect the surrounding tissues.
這種高效的吸收意味著這種糊狀物可以被相對較弱的激光加熱，這有助于保護周圍的組織。
Using such tiny particles is in itself not new.
使用如此微小的顆粒本身并不是什么新鮮事。
But until recently most researchers used tiny rods of gold, which are expensive.
但直到最近，大多數研究人員使用的都是價格昂貴的納米金條。
Nanoparticles of titanium nitrate, on the other hand, are easily and cheaply produced by spraying the right mix of precursor chemicals into a flame.
另一方面，通過向火焰中噴灑合適的前體化學物質混合物，可以輕松生產出硝酸鈦納米顆粒，成本也很低。
The second set of particles are a new development in the soldering world.
第二組顆粒是焊接界的新發展。
They are specks of a material which fluoresces.
它們是一種會發出熒光的物質的斑點。
In other words, it absorbs the laser light, but immediately re-emits the energy as light again, at a few very specific wavelengths.
換句話說，它吸收了激光，但立即將能量以光的形式重新發射出來，只是波長非常特定。
Two of these wavelengths are also in the infrared and red colour range.
其中兩種波長也在紅外和紅色范圍內。
That allows some of the re-emitted light to emerge from the paste to where it can be analysed by an external instrument called a spectrometer.
這使得一些重新發射的光可以從糊狀物中顯現出來，并被一種叫做分光儀的外部儀器分析。
By precisely measuring the difference between the two wavelengths, the temperature of particles that are emitting it -- and thus of the paste as a whole -- can be worked out.
通過精確地測量這兩種波長之間的差值，可以計算出發射它的粒子的溫度--從而計算出整個糊狀物的溫度。
Thus far, the researchers have tested the technique only on pieces of pig intestine that they obtained from a slaughterhouse.
到目前為止，研究人員只在他們從屠宰場獲得的豬腸道片段上測試了這項技術。
Soldering a cut is done in a matter of minutes.
焊接切口只需要幾分鐘。
Similar “ex vivo” tests of the strength and permeability of the bond will also be needed for human tissue, followed by clinical tests on actual pigs and, eventually, humans.
人體組織也需要進行類似的結合強度和滲透性的“體外”測試，然后在豬身上進行臨床測試，最終在人類身上進行測試。
But the researchers are optimistic.
但研究人員對此持樂觀態度。
At the conference, they were cagey about exactly what the fluorescing particles are made of.
在會議上，他們對熒光粒子的確切成分守口如瓶。
They are applying for a patent, which could be quite valuable if the tools at the ready in a doctor’s office one day include a laser soldering gun.
他們正在申請一項專利，如果有一天醫生辦公室里的備用工具有了激光焊接槍，這項專利將會非常有價值。
