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Underground warfare
地道戰
Tunnel vision
隧道視覺
A new system of sensors can detect troglodytic enemy activity
一種新的傳感器系統可以探測到穴道敵人的活動
From the collapsing of city walls during medieval sieges, to the laying of giant mines filled with explosives under enemy trenches during the first world war, to the supply networks of the Ho Chi Minh trail during the war in Vietnam, to the Tora Bora cave complex, used first by the Mujahideen to oppose the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and then by the Taliban to oppose the American invasion, tunnel-digging in times of conflict has a long history. These days, secret tunnels are used to move weapons and people between Gaza and Egypt, and by Kurdish militia operating on the frontier between Syria and Turkey. But the same principle applies. What happens underground is hard for the enemy to observe. Digging for victory is therefore often a good idea.
從中世紀圍攻期間城墻的倒塌，到第一次世界大戰期間在敵人戰壕下埋設裝滿炸藥的巨型地雷，到越南戰爭期間胡志明步道的供應網絡，再到托拉博拉洞穴綜合體，首先被圣戰者用來反對蘇聯入侵阿富汗，然后被塔利班用來反對美國入侵，在沖突時期挖掘隧道有著悠久的歷史。如今，加沙和埃及之間以及敘利亞和土耳其邊境的庫爾德民兵利用秘密隧道運送武器和人員。但同樣的原則也適用。地下發生的事情敵人很難觀察到。因此，為勝利而努力往往是一個好主意。
That, though, may be about to change. Real-time Subsurface Event Assessment and Detection (Resead), a project being undertaken at Sandia National Laboratories in New Mexico, uses novel sensors to make accurate maps of what is happening underground. This will, no doubt, have many civilian applications. But Sandia is principally a weapons lab, and it is military matters that are uppermost in the mind of the project's leader, Chet Weiss.
不過，這種情況可能即將改變。實時地下事件評估和檢測(Resead)是新墨西哥州桑迪亞國家實驗室正在進行的一個項目，該項目使用新型傳感器對地下正在發生的事情做出精確的地圖。毫無疑問，這將有許多民用用途。但桑迪亞實驗室主要是一個武器實驗室，而軍事問題是該項目的領導者切特·韋斯最關心的問題。
Resead grew out of work that was looking at ways of monitoring earth tremors by means of sensor networks. The researchers involved found that the analytical techniques they had developed to handle data so collected were fast enough to process those data more or less in real time. This would mean they could detect movement underground in a way that would be militarily useful.
Resead的工作是研究通過傳感器網絡監測地震的方法。參與研究的研究人員發現他們為處理收集到的數據而開發的分析技術足夠快，能夠或多或少地實時處理這些數據。這意味著他們將能夠以一種軍事上有用的方式來探測地下活動。
The versions of these networked sensors used in Resead are embedded in the collars connecting sections of borehole casings, and communicate with the surface via wires. This makes them easy to deploy and use. The sensors themselves are a mixture of accelerometers, which pick up vibrations, current detectors, which measure the electrical-resistance of rocks and soil, and subsurface radar.
這些網絡傳感器被嵌入到井眼套管連接部分的接箍中，并通過電纜與地面通信。這使得它們易于部署和使用。傳感器本身是由加速度計、電流探測器和地下雷達組成的混合體。加速度計用來探測震動，電流探測器用來測量巖石和土壤的電阻。
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