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Business
商業(yè)版塊
Bribery
賄賂
A closer look at greasy palms
審視行賄
Bribery pays—if you don’t get caught
賄賂的代價(jià)——如果沒(méi)被抓住
Many big companies may be struggling with depressed sales, but these are busy times for bribery-busters. Mexico is abuzz over allegations by an ex-boss of Pemex, the state oil giant, that several senior politicians received bungs from companies including Odebrecht, a Brazilian construction firm. The scandal is the latest in a string of graft cases to make headlines this year, starting with Airbus’s record $4bn settlement in January over accusations of corruption for making illegal payments in various countries.
許多大型公司可能都在與低迷的銷(xiāo)售額艱難斗爭(zhēng)，但現(xiàn)在正是行賄者忙碌的時(shí)間段。墨西哥時(shí)下流言四起，因?yàn)閲?guó)有石油巨頭墨西哥石油公司的前任老板提出的指控，他指控墨西哥的幾位高級(jí)政要向幾家公司收受賄賂，其中包括巴西建筑公司奧德布雷希特。在今年頭條新聞報(bào)道的一系列腐敗案件中，這則丑聞是最新的一起，今年最早的一例腐敗案件報(bào)道是在1月份，空中客車(chē)公司被控在多個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)行非法支付的腐敗行為，被處以40億美元罰款，罰款數(shù)額創(chuàng)下了紀(jì)錄。
Corporate bribery is hardly new. In surveys, between a third and a half of companies typically claim to have lost business to rivals who won contracts by paying kickbacks. But such perceptions-based research has obvious limitations. A new study takes a more rigorous approach, and draws some striking conclusions.
單位行賄并非新鮮事。據(jù)調(diào)查，有三分之一到一半的公司通常會(huì)聲稱，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手靠支付回扣贏得合同而搶走了生意。但這種基于感知的研究有明顯的局限性。因此人們采取更加嚴(yán)格的方法開(kāi)展了一項(xiàng)新的研究，而且結(jié)論驚人。
Raghavendra Rau of Judge Business School at the University of Cambridge, Yan- Leung Cheung of the Education University of Hong Kong and Aris Stouraitis of Hong Kong Baptist University examined nearly 200 prominent bribery cases in 60 countries between 1975 and 2015. For the firms doing the bribing, they found, the shortterm gains were juicy: every dollar of bribe translated into a $6-9 increase in excess returns, relative to the overall stockmarket.
劍橋大學(xué)法官商學(xué)院的拉哈文德拉·拉烏、教育香港大學(xué)的閆榮翔和香港浸會(huì)大學(xué)的阿里斯·斯圖亞蒂斯對(duì)1975年至2015年間60個(gè)國(guó)家的近200起重大賄賂案件進(jìn)行了考察。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，行賄的公司在短期內(nèi)可獲得豐厚的受益：相對(duì)于整個(gè)股市，每一美元的賄賂都會(huì)帶來(lái)6-9美元的超額回報(bào)。
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