The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion. For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
人們承擔的責任越多，對判斷力的需求程度往往就越大。那些完成常規任務的人們通常判斷力有限。生產線主管具有一定的判斷能力。而對于首席執行官來說，涉及判斷力的決策占比很高。決定不采取行動同樣也是一種可能產生嚴重后果的判斷（比如說，“我不會接種疫苗”或者“我不會支付賬單”）。這個世界上到處都是缺乏判斷力的人，他們的事業或個人生活一落千丈。很多人都犯了常見的錯誤，認為一切都很好。
Some people think that good judgment is innate. Sir Andrew accepts that some individuals are born with the ability to listen, be self-aware and better understand other people: all qualities that make good judgment easier. People with good judgment tend to have a breadth of experiences and relationships that enables them to recognise parallels or analogies that others miss. The ability to be detached, both intellectually and emotionally, is also a vital component.
有些人認為良好的判斷力是與生俱來的。安德魯爵士承認，有些人生來就具備傾聽、自知之明以及理解他人的能力，而這些品質讓人更容易做出良好的判斷。具備良好判斷力的人往往擁有豐富的經驗和人際關系，這使他們能夠認識到其他人忽略的事情的相似之處。在智力和情感上能夠保持超然也是良好判斷力的重要組成部分。
Others may have the wrong sort of characteristics; a tendency to ignore others, stick to rules irrespective of context, rush into action without reflection and struggle to make up their minds.Many leaders make bad judgments because they unconsciously filter the information they receive or are not sufficiently critical of what they hear or read. The danger is that people ignore insights that they don’t want to hear, a tendency that can increase with age.
另一些人可能有著不利于做出良好判斷的性格特征；比如無視他人的偏好、不顧環境墨守成規、不加思考就倉促行動，難以下定決心。許多領導人之所以做出錯誤的判斷，是因為他們無意識地過濾自己接收到的信息，或者對自己聽到或讀到的信息沒有進行足夠的批判。危險之處在于人們會忽略自己不想聽到的見解，這種趨勢隨著年齡增長會愈發明顯。
As artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. What people perceive as good judgment may stem from the ability to spot certain cues in the environment. This ability may be unconscious, just as a dog can catch a Frisbee in mid-air without knowing how to calculate wind speed and air resistance.
隨著人們越來越將人工智能應用于服務行業的日常工作，做出判斷或許是人類能夠相對機器仍舊保持優勢的一個領域。然而，這還遠非定論。人們認為良好的判斷力可能源于在環境中發現某些線索的能力。這種能力可能是無意識的，就像狗能在不知道如何計算風速和空氣阻力的情況下接住半空中的飛盤一樣。
With enough practice, machines may be able to recognise these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
經過足夠的練習，機器也許能夠識別這些隱含的暗示，從而做出良好的判斷。但到了那時，也許人類也可以通過教導獲得良好的判斷力。從長遠來看，關于人類判斷力，其中最棘手的一個問題可能就是準確地知道什么時候讓機器來做決定，什么時候聽從人類的選擇。
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