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來源于《商業(yè)》版塊
Bartleby
巴托比職場專欄
In sickness and in health
不論生病還是健康
Rethinking attitudes towards employee illness
重新思考對待員工疾病的態(tài)度
The global spread of covid-19 has led to calls for those who might be infected with the new disease to “self-isolate” at home. That could prove a threat to economic activity. It also represents a terrible dilemma for workers, some of whom could face financial hardship if they don’t turn up.
covid-19在全球范圍內的傳播，導致人們呼吁那些可能感染這種新疾病的人在家里“自我隔離”。這可能對經濟活動構成威脅。這對工人來說也是一個可怕的困境，如果他們不來上班，其中一些人可能會面臨經濟困難。
The quandary is all the greater when the disease is unfamiliar, with symptoms that are often mild, at first, and resemble common ailments. And if, like a quarter of all Americans working in the private sector, employees get no paid sick leave at all, they are more likely to take the risk and attend. In 2009 the outbreak of swine flu presented workers with a similar decision. Many American ones decided to turn up for work regardless, further spreading the infection. One study estimated that around 7m coworkers were infected as a result.
當患者不熟悉這種疾病時，他們的困惑就更大了，因為這種疾病的癥狀往往在一開始是輕微的，與常見疾病類似。如果像四分之一在私企工作的美國人一樣，員工根本沒有帶薪病假，那么他們就更有可能冒險去上班。2009年，豬流感的爆發(fā)時，工人們做出了類似的決定。許多美國人決定不顧一切去上班，進一步傳播了病毒。一項研究估計，大約有700萬名同事因此受到感染。
The most recent global survey of sick pay by the International Labour Organisation, from 2010, showed that 145 countries provided for paid sick leave at the time. Most mandated replacement pay of around 50-75% of wages. More than 100 allowed employees to be absent for a month or more.
國際勞工組織從2010年開始對病假薪酬進行的最新全球調查顯示，當時有145個國家提供了帶薪病假。大多數規(guī)定的替代工資約為工資的50-75%。超過100名員工被允許曠工一個月或更長時間。
The fear of employers and governments is that generous benefits will be costly and create the temptation for employees to malinger. It is true that Britain and America, which have stingy (if any) benefits, see almost no days of absence, on average. But most countries with generous benefits experience fewer than ten days a year of absence. Based on OECD data from 2017 the gap between annual days lost to sickness in France, where 50-100% of income is replaced during sick leave, and in America was a mere 4.4 days.
雇主和政府擔心的是，慷慨的福利將是昂貴的，并為雇員創(chuàng)造了誘惑。的確，英國和美國(如果有的話)在福利上很吝嗇，但他們平均幾乎沒有休假的天數。但是，大多數享有慷慨福利的國家每年的缺勤天數少于10天。根據經合組織2017年的數據，法國每年因病損失的天數與美國相差僅4.4天，法國每年因病損失的天數中有50%至100%是在病假期間彌補的。
Other evidence does not suggest that more generous sick pay leads to extra skiving. The Earned Sick Time Act became law in New York in 2014. A survey of 352 employers four years ago found that almost 85% had experienced no increase in costs and only 3% had suffered more than a token rise. Connecticut adopted similar legislation in 2011 in the face of opposition from business lobbies. A study of companies in 2013 found that many noted benefits such as improved morale and fewer infections in the workplace.
并沒有其他證據證明，更慷慨的病假工資會導致額外的翹班。2014年，“帶薪病假法案”在紐約成為法律。四年前對352名雇主的調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，近85%的雇主沒有經歷過成本增加，只有3%的雇主經歷過象征性上漲。2011年，康涅狄格州在商業(yè)游說團體的反對下通過了類似的法案。2013年的一項對公司的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多公司都注意到了一些好處，比如提高了士氣，減少了工作場所的感染。
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