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Take regulation first. The system is a strange blend: there are pockets of laissez-faire attitudes here,
先說(shuō)說(shuō)法規(guī)。該體系是一個(gè)奇怪的混合：這里是零星的自由放任態(tài)度
thickets of rules there and lobbying everywhere. It is variously prone to laxity, capture and incompetence.
那里是錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜規(guī)則并且到處充斥著游說(shuō)。它在很多方面都傾向于松弛、占有和無(wú)能力。
The Federal Drug Administration allowed opioids to be sold to the masses.
聯(lián)邦藥品管理局允許向大眾出售類鴉片藥物。
The Federal Aviation Administration delegated part of its inspection process to Boeing employees.
聯(lián)邦航空管理局將其部分檢驗(yàn)過(guò)程委托給了波音的員工。
The Federal Trade Commission has struggled to police Facebook. The fines imposed by some regulators can be small relative to market values of giant firms.
聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)努力地監(jiān)管Facebook。一些監(jiān)管者實(shí)施的罰款相對(duì)小于這些巨頭公司的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值。
Second, litigation may no longer be quite the deterrent it once was.
第二，訴訟可能不再像從前一樣具有相當(dāng)?shù)耐亓Α?/div>
Criminal cases leading to jail terms for top executives are as rare as socialists at Goldman Sachs. And civil law has lost its bite.
刑事案件導(dǎo)致高管坐牢的情況和高盛投資公司中社會(huì)主義者一樣稀有。民法已經(jīng)失去了它的利齒。
America has long used class-action suits to punish firms and compensate consumers.
美國(guó)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)都用集體訴訟案懲罰公司并補(bǔ)償消費(fèi)者。
Tort costs born by firms are equivalent to about 2% of GDP a year, higher than in other countries. Nonetheless, life has got easier for firms.
公司的侵權(quán)成本相當(dāng)于一年GDP的約2%，高于其他國(guó)家。但公司的日子越來(lái)越容易了。
Arbitration clauses, in which customers and staff forfeit the right to pursue class actions, have become more common.
關(guān)于顧客和員工因失權(quán)而尋求集體訴訟的仲裁條款已經(jīng)變得更加普遍。
Firms are more likely to extend cases to appeal, which can take up to a decade.
公司更有可能將個(gè)案擴(kuò)展至上訴，上訴時(shí)間可以高達(dá)10年之久。
One veteran class-action lawyer says that financial penalties have shrunk relative to the value of many firms,
一名經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的集體訴訟律師表示相對(duì)于很多公司的市值而言，罰款的金額已經(jīng)縮水了，
which in turn have risen as a result of a takeover wave.
反過(guò)來(lái)，由于收購(gòu)浪潮，這些公司市值還增加了。
She complains that for the top 50 firms, the threat of a multi-billion-dollar legal settlement "doesn't move the needle any more".
她抱怨稱對(duì)前50家公司而言，幾十億美元訴訟和解的威脅“根本不值一提”。
The final constraint is competition. It can drive firms to cut corners
最后一個(gè)約束是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這可以促使公司抄近路
but in the long run should act to discipline careless or badly behaved firms, because customers shun them.
但從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，應(yīng)該行動(dòng)起來(lái)處罰粗心或行為不良的公司，因?yàn)榭蛻粲幸饣乇芩鼈儭?/div>
Kraft and Heinz boomed in the 20th century, thanks in part to a reputation for safety. Japanese car firms forced Detroit to raise its game in the 1980s.
卡夫和亨氏在20世紀(jì)迅速發(fā)展的部分原因是安全性的名聲。20世紀(jì)80年代，日本汽車公司迫使底特律提高了其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
And today Netflix trounces the traditional cable TV firms which love to bamboozle customers.
如今Netflix斥責(zé)那些喜歡欺詐客戶的傳統(tǒng)有線電視。
But across the economy incumbent firms have got more powerful over the past 20 years, making it harder for customers to switch.
但是在整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，在位企業(yè)在過(guò)去20多年中獲得了更多的權(quán)力，這使得客戶更加難以轉(zhuǎn)變。
There is one alternative to Boeing, Airbus, but it lacks spare capacity. Users find it hard to leave Facebook.
波音還可以替換成空客，但后者缺乏閑置生產(chǎn)力。用戶們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難離開(kāi)Facebook。
Pesticides and herbicides, credit-checking, drug distribution and drug retailing have grown more concentrated, too.
農(nóng)藥和除草劑、信貸調(diào)查、藥品分銷和藥品零售也越來(lái)越集中。
Perhaps the rash of crises will prompt corporate soul-searching. If not, public confidence in capitalism may suffer another blow.
或許危機(jī)的大量涌現(xiàn)將促使企業(yè)自我反省。如若不反省，那么資本主義的公信力或許會(huì)遭遇另一場(chǎng)沖擊。
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| 重點(diǎn)單詞 | 查看全部解釋 | |||
| spare | [spɛə] |
想一想再看 adj. 多余的，閑置的，備用的，簡(jiǎn)陋的 |
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| discipline | ['disiplin] |
想一想再看 n. 訓(xùn)練，紀(jì)律，懲罰，學(xué)科 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| traditional | [trə'diʃənəl] |
想一想再看 adj. 傳統(tǒng)的 |
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| forfeit | ['fɔ:fit] |
想一想再看 n. 沒(méi)收物，罰金，喪失 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| prompt | [prɔmpt] |
想一想再看 adj. 迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的 |
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| distribution | [.distri'bju:ʃən] |
想一想再看 n. 分發(fā)，分配，散布，分布 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| incumbent | [in'kʌmbənt] |
想一想再看 adj. 憑依的，依靠的，負(fù)有義務(wù)的 n. 領(lǐng)圣職的俸祿 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| arbitration | [.ɑ:bi'treiʃn] |
想一想再看 n. 仲裁，公斷 |
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| extend | [iks'tend] |
想一想再看 v. 擴(kuò)充，延伸，伸展，擴(kuò)展 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| decade | ['dekeid] |
想一想再看 n. 十年 |
聯(lián)想記憶 |
