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At some point after the war Europeans decided to take more time off, while Americans opted (or were persuaded) to keep their shoulders to the wheel for longer.
戰后的某時刻，歐洲人決定休息更長時間，而美國人選擇（或被說服）奮力拼搏更長時間。
A survey by Project Time Off found that the main reason why Americans are reluctant to take all their vacation is fear of being replaceable.
Project Time Off的一項調查發現美國人不愿意休完所有假期的主要原因是害怕被替換掉。
Other factors are heavy workloads and lack of cover from fellow employees.
其他因素有工作繁重以及沒有同事可以頂他們的班。
One useful feature of public holidays is that workers worry less about bunking off if everyone else does the same.
公共假期的一個有益特點是如果其他所有人都做一樣的工作，那么他們就不用太擔心早退的影響。
Forgoing holiday time does not always please the boss.
放棄假期并不總能取悅老板。
A study by the Harvard Business Review in 2016 found that those who took 11 or more days off a year
《哈佛商業評論》2016年的一項研究發現一年休假11天或更長時間的員工
were almost twice as likely to get a raise or a bonus as those who took ten days off or fewer
與那些一年少休10天或更多的員工相比，前者加薪和拿到獎金的可能性是后者的近兩倍
(although the causation could be the other way around; star workers may feel they can afford to take a break).
（雖然因果關系可能正好相反；明星員工或許覺得他們可以休息一會）。
Nor do extra hours automatically lead to higher productivity. An analysis of figures from the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries,
加班也不一定有更高產出。富裕國家的俱樂部OECD2013年的一項數據分析發現
in 2013 found a negative correlation between GDP per hour and the number of hours worked across member countries.
每小時的GDP和成員國工作時長之間呈負相關。
Again, the causation is unclear—workers in richer nations may feel they can take more time off. But there is plenty of other evidence.
其中因果關系仍不明確—富裕國家的員工或許會覺得他們休息天數可以更長。但還有很多其他證據。
A study of munitions workers in the first world war found that their output per hour tended to decline once they spent over 50 hours a week toiling.
對一戰軍火工人的研究發現一周工作時長一旦超過50小時，他們每小時的產出就會下降。
The Institute for Employment Studies in Britain reviewed academic research on the subject
英國勞動研究所對該主題的學術研究進行評估
and concluded that "long hours working (more than 48 hours a week) was associated with (but was not proved to cause) various negative effects,
并總結到“工作時長（每周超過48小時）和各種負面影響相聯系（但這種因果關系未得到證實），
such as decreased productivity, poor performance, health problems, and lower employee motivation."
比如效率下降、工作表現不佳、健康問題和較低的員工激勵。”
The danger is that long hours simply lead to wasted effort. C. Northcote Parkinson, a management theorist, wrote that "work expands to fill the time available".
危險之處在于長時間的工作會導致事倍功半。管理理論家諾思科特·帕金森寫到“工作會擴張到占滿所有可用時間”。
Every editor knows that many journalists only deliver their articles when the deadline is imminent.
每位編輯都知道很多記者都是在臨近截止日期的時候才交稿子。
Workers may be staring at their computers, but how many have disappeared down the rabbit hole of Twitter spats?
員工們可能會盯著他們的電腦，但有多少人已經迷失在了推特口水戰中？
The modern world is supposedly moving in a direction where routine tasks are automated, leaving the more creative processes to the humans.
現代世界可能正朝著這樣一個方向前進—日常任務自動化，更加創造性的工作由人類處理。
And humans are undoubtedly more creative when they are not feeling tired or jaded.
毫無疑問，人們在感覺不疲憊的時候會更具創造力。
So enjoy the break, American workers, and maybe take the next week off as well.
所以享受假期吧，美國員工們，或者下周再休息一周。
譯文由可可原創，僅供學習交流使用，未經許可請勿轉載。
