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Economists have always been fond of Uber. Its willingness to battle incumbents, use of technology to match buyers and sellers,
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家一直都鐘愛優(yōu)步。優(yōu)步樂意與在位者競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、利用科技將買家和賣家進(jìn)行匹配，
and embrace of "surge" pricing to balance supply and demand make the ride-hailing giant a dismal scientist's dream.
并樂于采用“峰時(shí)價(jià)格”平衡供求關(guān)系，這使得這家約車巨頭成為了科學(xué)家的夢(mèng)想。
Steven Levitt, the author of the bestselling "Freakonomics", called it "the embodiment of what the economists would like the economy to look like".
暢銷書《魔鬼經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》的作者史蒂文·萊維特稱其為“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家理想經(jīng)濟(jì)的化身”。
But if economists subjected Uber and its competitors to a cost-benefit analysis, they might not be so impressed.
但如果經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對(duì)優(yōu)步和其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手進(jìn)行一次成本效益分析，可能就不會(huì)對(duì)它們?nèi)绱擞∠笊羁塘恕?/div>
This might surprise customers. A study in 2016 by researchers from Oxford University,
這可能會(huì)讓消費(fèi)者們感到意外。2016年來自牛津大學(xué)、
the University of Chicago and Uber itself found sizeable benefits from ride-hailing services for consumers.
芝加哥大學(xué)和優(yōu)步的研究人員做了一項(xiàng)研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者從約車服務(wù)中獲利豐厚。
Using data from 48m Uber trips taken in four American cities in 2015,
他們根據(jù)2015年四個(gè)美國(guó)城市的4800萬(wàn)次優(yōu)步出行記錄
they estimated the difference between how much customers were willing to pay and their actual fare.
估算出了乘客愿意支付的車費(fèi)和他們實(shí)際車費(fèi)之間的差別。
Each $1 spent on Uberx rides generated a "consumer surplus" of $1.60. Across America, that surplus was estimated to be $6.8bn a year.
每花費(fèi)1美元乘坐優(yōu)步，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生1.6美元的“消費(fèi)者盈余”。據(jù)估計(jì)，全美每年所產(chǎn)生的這類盈余為68億美元。
Drivers also benefit. Few sign up for lack of anything else, as is true of some gig work:
司機(jī)也是受益者。不向一些零工，極少有人因沒事可做而簽約優(yōu)步：
in America roughly eight in ten have left another job to get behind the wheel.
在美國(guó)約有80%的人辭職去開車。
The typical American Uber driver makes $16 per hour ($10 after expenses), higher than the federal minimum wage.
美國(guó)優(yōu)步司機(jī)一般每小時(shí)可掙16美元（扣除成本后為10美元），比聯(lián)邦最低工資都高。
In London earnings after expenses come to 11 pounds ($14) per hour
在倫敦，扣除成本后，司機(jī)每小時(shí)可掙11英鎊（14美元）
and a recent survey found Uber drivers reporting higher levels of life satisfaction on average than other workers.
并且最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)優(yōu)步司機(jī)比其他勞動(dòng)者的平均生活滿意度都高。
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