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HISTORY is full of jobs that took an immense physical toll on employees,
歷史上，對員工們的身體造成重大傷害的工作有很多。
from miners and construction workers through to those who suffered "phossy jaw" (a destruction of the jawbone)
比如礦工和建筑工人，以及19世紀末至20世紀初的那些
in the match factories of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
患上“磷毒性頜骨壞死”的火柴廠工人。
But it is only in the past couple of decades that workers' mental health has become more widely discussed and understood.
但是直到過去幾十年，員工們的精神健康問題才逐漸被人們討論和理解。
The first World Mental Health Day was organised in 1992; the latest was marked on October 10th.
首個世界精神衛生日是在1992年發起；最近一次是在10月10日。
Charity campaigns, like "time to change" in Britain, try to remove the stigma associated with mental-health problems.
一些慈善活動，比如英國的“time to change”，它們試圖消除有關精神健康問題的污名。
Those problems are widespread. A recent review of studies in Europe found that 38% of the EU's population suffers from a mental disorder
那些精神健康問題廣泛存在。在歐洲，一份近期的研究綜述發現每年有38%的歐洲人患上某種精神障礙
(on a broad definition, ranging from anxiety to drug dependence) each year.
（廣義上來講就是，焦慮癥或藥物依賴這樣的精神疾病）。
As well as severe distress, this inevitably leads to absenteeism and poor performance.
和嚴重的心理痛苦一樣，精神障礙不可避免地會導致曠工和工作表現不佳。
The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that mental-health troubles cost the global economy $1trn a year in lost output.
據世界衛生組織（WHO）估計，每年心理健康問題會造成全球經濟產量1萬億美元的損失。
In a survey of American workers, 63% of respondents reported that stress in the workplace had a significant impact on their mental and behavioural health.
在對美國雇員進行的一項調查中，63%的被調查對象稱工作上的壓力對他們的精神和行為健康有巨大的影響。
According to a study by the Confederation of British Industry, which represents big businesses,
英國工商業聯合會（該組織代表著一些大型企業）的一項研究表明，
40% of employers in 2017 reported that more than 5% of their workforce had a mental-health issue.
在2017年，40%的雇主稱有超過5%的員工患上了心理健康問題。
That was nearly a fourfold increase on a similar survey conducted in 2013.
和2013年進行的類似調查相比，該比例上漲了近4倍。
This higher figure may actually be an encouraging sign. As the stigma surrounding mental illness fades, more people may be willing to admit to it.
事實上這個數字的上漲或許是一個令人鼓舞的跡象。隨著圍繞在精神病周圍的污名褪去，或許有更多的人愿意承認自己患有精神障礙。
Society has certainly come a long way in its treatment of mental health.
在治療心理健康方面，社會確實取得了極大的進展。
When Bartleby's father suffered from depression after losing out from a job reshuffle in the 1960s,
20世紀60年代，當赫爾曼·梅爾維爾（《Bartleby, the Scrivener》的作者）的父親在大換崗后失業因而患上了抑郁癥，
the doctors suggested electric-shock treatment.
醫生們建議使用電擊療法。
Bartleby's grandmother suffered from severe post-natal depression in the 1920s; she was placed in a mental home and never saw her child again.
梅爾維爾的祖母在20世紀20年代患上了嚴重的產后抑郁癥；她被送入一家精神病院，從此再也沒見過她的孩子。
Nowadays treatment is much more likely to be associated with pharmaceuticals
如今的治療更有可能和藥物
(though admittedly this can bring its own problems, notably the risk of addiction) and with therapy.
（不可否認藥物也會帶來問題，尤其是上癮的風險）以及療法相配合。
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