評論
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But what they all had in common was: the government let them operate pretty much how they wanted to.
但他們的共同點是：政府基本上都讓他們按照自己的想法運營。
So why did they do that?
他們為什么這么做呢？
Why did the government keep such a low profile and allow individuals to gain so much control of the industries?
政府為什么如此低調，允許個人得到對各行業這么大的控制權呢？
Well, obviously, they had the wealth and the power to influence political leaders.
顯然，他們有足以影響政治領袖的財富和權勢。
But also, the truth is that these industry leaders made a significant contribution.
還有，事實是這些行業領袖做出了重要貢獻。
Their investments in technologies led to the development of many new production techniques, which strengthened the economy.
他們在技術方面的投資帶來了很多新的生產技術的發展，增強了經濟。
And many of them gave lots of money to charity, Andrew Carnegie was particularly admired for his generosity.
而且他們中很多人都花了很多錢做慈善，Andrew Carnegie就因他的慷慨備受欽佩。
But there was one thing in particular that gave them power, and that’s, they were beneficiaries,
但有一件事尤其給他們帶來了權力，那就是他們是受益者......
probably the biggest beneficiaries of a theory, a dominant political theory in the 19th century, something called laissez-faire doctrine.
可能是一個理論的最大受益者，這個政治理論在19世紀特別盛行，叫做放任政策（laissez-faire doctrine）。
Laissez-faire roughly means let it alone, and that pretty much summarized the theory’s philosophy.
laissez-faire大約就是放任的意思，而那基本上就總結了這個理論的原則。
