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A national railroad system needs a lot of railroad tracks, right?
全國性的鐵路系統需要很多鐵軌，對吧？
And Carnegie seized the opportunity.
而Carnegie抓住了這次機會。
He built the world’s most modern steel mill,
他建造了當時世界上最現代的鋼鐵廠，
and he came up with a system of business organization called Vertical Integration.
并提出了一個叫做縱向一體化的商業組織體制。
Vertical Integration just means that...all...every single activity of a particular industry’s processing is performed by a single company.
縱向一體化的意思是......一個具體行業加工的每個單獨活動都是由同一家公司進行的。
In the case of the steel industry, this means the mining of iron ore, the transportation used to get ore from the mine to the mill,
就鋼鐵行業的例子來說，這些活動就是挖鐵礦、將礦石從礦場運到工廠使用的交通
turning the ore into the steel, the manufacturing process and sales.
把礦石煉成鐵、制造加工和出售。
Carnegie controlled all of these, he practiced Vertical Integration on such a large scale that he practically owned the whole steel industry.
Carnegie控制了所有這些活動，他實行縱向一體化的規模非常大，以至于整個鋼鐵行業幾乎都是他的。
This, of course, gave him a lot of political clout, just a quick sketch, but you get the idea, right?
這當然給他帶來了很多政治勢力，我們就簡單介紹一下，但是你們聽懂了我的意思，對吧？
Here is another example: John D.Rockefeller, Rockefeller owned an oil refinery, but he wanted to expand his business.
還有另外一個例子：John D.Rockefeller，Rockefeller曾擁有一座石油精煉廠，但是他想擴大生意。
