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France, Africa and terrorism
法國，非洲和恐怖主義
An African journey
非洲之行
The French government has new African worries in the Sahel
法國政府對薩赫勒地區(qū)憂心忡忡
Hollande with rare new friend
奧朗德和其罕見的新朋友
It is a rite of passage for every new French president to head to French-speaking Africa and reaffirm faith in la Francophonie. So it was with Francois Hollande, who has just visited Senegal and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Like his predecessor, Nicolas Sarkozy, he said “francafrique”—the cosy post-colonial ties of party financing, arms, contracts and influence—was over and that human rights were paramount. He praised the shared use of French, “l(fā)anguage of liberty”. But behind the warm words lie grimmer concerns, the biggest being the entrenchment of terror networks in the al-Qaeda-held Sahel.
每個新上任的法國總統(tǒng)都要經(jīng)歷這樣一個儀式：走訪非洲講法語的國家，并重申其對法語區(qū)的忠誠。法國總統(tǒng)弗朗索瓦·奧朗德剛剛訪問了塞內(nèi)加爾和剛果民主共和國。和前任總統(tǒng)尼科拉·薩科奇一樣，他強調(diào)“法蘭西非洲”——這個包含政府融資、武器輸送、契約協(xié)定、施加影響在內(nèi)的”親密“的后殖民關(guān)系——將不復(fù)存在，人權(quán)才是至高無上的。他對共同使用法語的做法大加贊賞，稱之為“語言自由”。但是在這一番溫暖人心的話語背后卻隱藏著深切的擔(dān)憂，尤其是針對薩赫勒地區(qū)的基地組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)的防衛(wèi)工事。
Islamist fighters tied to al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) have ruled a big swathe of northern Mali since March, dividing the country in two. In the far north extreme sharia law is being applied. Mr Hollande spoke in Senegal of “a reign of terror” in Mali, with “hands cut off, women raped and an area awash with weapons”. There are also two French hostages in Mali, whose families the president has just met in Paris, as well as four in Niger.
3月份以來，伊斯蘭北非基地組織的武裝分子們已經(jīng)控制了馬里北部的大部分地區(qū)，馬里被分成了兩片，其遙遠(yuǎn)的北部開始施行極端伊斯蘭教法。在塞內(nèi)加爾，奧朗德怒斥其為“恐怖統(tǒng)治”馬里，“人質(zhì)雙手被砍斷，婦女被奸淫和機槍掃蕩了整個地區(qū)。”還有2個法國人質(zhì)被困在馬里，奧朗德總統(tǒng)剛在巴黎會見了他們的家人，除此之外，尼日爾也有4名受困人質(zhì)。
Despite France’s reluctance to play post-colonial gendarme, Mr Hollande is starting to sound tougher on Mali. During his African trip, he tried to rally regional leaders to the cause. Manuel Valls, the interior minister, visited Algeria to narrow differences. France drafted a UN Security Council resolution, unanimously adopted on October 12th, that authorises the dispatch of an African force to retake rebel-held territory in Mali. Jean-Yves Le Drian, the French defence minister, says such a force could be ready “within weeks”.
盡管法國不愿意扮演后殖民憲兵的角色，但是奧朗德先生已經(jīng)對馬里問題發(fā)表了嚴(yán)正聲明。在這次非洲之旅中，他試圖號召地區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人加入這項事業(yè)。法國內(nèi)政部長曼紐爾·瓦爾斯拜訪了阿爾及利亞以試圖縮小分歧。法國起草了一份聯(lián)合國安理會決議，批準(zhǔn)派遣一支駐非洲軍隊以重新奪回反動派在馬里控制的地區(qū)，該決議受到一致通過，并于10月12日施行。法國國防部長讓一伊夫·勒德里昂表示“幾周之內(nèi)”就能組建好一支駐非隊伍。
Yet his enthusiasm may be overdone. The plan is that a force would be made up of troops from Mali and other countries in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). But, even if willing ones can be lined up, regional forces do not have the capacity to mount an offensive operation without logistical and intelligence support. The French are ready to contribute, but have ruled out sending in ground troops. Although the European Union says it will send trainers under an EU flag, the Americans are reluctant to get involved.
然而，他信誓旦旦的表態(tài)似乎有些夸張了。他們原計劃由馬里和其他西非國家經(jīng)濟體國家的軍隊組成一支軍事力量。但是，即使這些有意愿的國家可以組成一支隊伍，但是地方軍隊在沒有后勤和情報支持的情況下卻不能發(fā)動襲擊行動。法國已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了付諸行動，但是卻不會派遣地面部隊。盡管歐盟表示他們會在歐盟的旗幟下派遣訓(xùn)練員，美國卻不愿意卷入其中。
France’s anxiety is that, if nothing is done, the Sahel might become a crucible for Islamist terrorism. “What makes people very nervous is the idea that it will become Africa’s Afghanistan,” says Francois Heisbourg of the Foundation for Strategic Research, a think-tank. France, with its colonial history and commercial ties, is an obvious target. One Malian Islamist group has explicitly threatened Mr Hollande since his push for military action, and said that French hostages are in greater danger.
法國擔(dān)心的是，如果不采取行動，薩赫勒地區(qū)可能會成為伊斯蘭恐怖主義的聚集地。“最讓民眾所擔(dān)憂的是馬里可能會變成非洲的阿富汗，”戰(zhàn)略研究基金會的研究員弗朗索瓦·海斯伯格說道。擁有殖民歷史和貿(mào)易關(guān)系的法國很顯然會成為恐怖分子襲擊目標(biāo)。一支駐馬里的伊斯蘭組織已經(jīng)對奧朗德推進軍事行動的行為發(fā)表了明確的威脅，宣傳法國人質(zhì)將會更加危險。
As it is, France is already fretting about terrorist threats. Although there is no direct link to AQIM, French police dismantled an Islamist cell in France earlier this month, arresting 12 suspects and shooting one dead. Two were wanted in connection with an attack on a kosher grocer in a Paris suburb last month, which rattled France’s big Jewish population. Seven have been charged with terrorist offences.
事實上，法國已經(jīng)開始擔(dān)心恐怖主義威脅。本月初，法國警方搗毀了位于法國的一個伊斯蘭組織，抓捕了12個嫌疑人，并擊斃了一人，雖然他們與伊斯蘭北非基地組織并沒有直接聯(lián)系。還有兩個嫌犯正在被通緝，他們與上個月巴黎郊區(qū)發(fā)生的一起襲擊猶太食品雜貨店的案件有關(guān)，這使法國猶太群體人心惶惶。其中七個人以恐怖襲擊罪被起訴。
Francois Molins, the Paris public prosecutor, called the cell “extremely dangerous”. Some suspects were French converts to Islam. The threat is “increasingly coming from within”, Mr Valls told the Senate, adding that radicalisation can take a matter of months. The country was shocked earlier this year when seven people, including three Jewish children and a rabbi, were shot dead in Toulouse by a French Islamist who claimed to have been trained by al-Qaeda. The surveillance of radicals has been stepped up. Mr Valls is putting a law before parliament to give the police new powers to pursue French nationals abroad suspected of links to terrorism or of attending foreign training camps. With or without a French-backed operation in Mali, France is on high alert.
法國公共檢察官弗朗索瓦·莫林斯聲稱這個組織“非常危險”，一些嫌疑人是皈依伊斯蘭教的法國人。“越來越多的威脅來自我們的內(nèi)部”，瓦爾斯先生通告參議院，并強調(diào)極端主義可能會持續(xù)幾個月。今年年初，圖爾茲發(fā)生的慘案令法國震驚，包括三名猶太小孩和一名法師在內(nèi)的七個公民被擊斃。兇手是法國伊斯蘭教主義者，他聲稱受到基地組織的訓(xùn)練。法國已經(jīng)加強了對激進分子的監(jiān)控。瓦爾斯先生正在向議會提交一部法律，該法律將賦予警方追蹤可能與恐怖主義有聯(lián)系的或參加外國訓(xùn)練營的在外法國公民的新權(quán)力。不管法國有沒有插手馬里的運動，他們都將處于高級戒備狀態(tài)。 翻譯：姜振南
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