評論
打印
Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.
請聽藝術史課上的部分內容。
Professor: Last class I passed out your assignment for your first paper and today I want to spend some time going over it.
教授：上一節課我把你們第一篇論文的作業都發下去了，今天我想花點時間再說一下。
Most people never take any art history until they get to college, so many of you have probably never written an art history paper before.
大部分人在進入大學之前從來沒學過藝術史，所以你們中很多人可能以前從來沒有寫過一篇藝術史的論文。
I gave you a list of appropriate works of art for you to write about.
我給你們列了一些適合你們寫的藝術作品。
So your next step in this process needs to be to go look at the work you've selected as your topic and bring a pencil and a notepad with you.
所以你們在這個過程中的下一步就是去看看你們選來作為主題的作品，并且要帶著一支鉛筆和一個筆記本去。
Because I don't mean you should just drop by at the museum and glance at it, so you can say you've seen it in real life, you need to go and sit in front of the work and really look at it carefully and slowly, and keep careful notes about what you see.
因為我的意思不是你們應該只是順路去一趟博物館然后看一眼，這樣就說你們已經親眼看過它了，你們需要去坐在這個作品前，慢慢地仔細地看看它，并且把你們看到的認真地用筆記下來。
You'll need them for the kind of art history paper you are going to be writing, it's what we call a formal analysis.
你們在寫這種藝術史論文的時候會需要這些筆記的，我們把這叫做形式分析。
A formal analysis of a work of art, any kind of art, is based on its formal qualities, which means qualities related to the form.
對一個藝術作品，任何類型的藝術的形式分析都是以它的形式質量為基礎的，也就是與形式相關的質量。
Things like color, texture, line, shapes, proportion and composition.
像色彩、紋理、線條、形狀、比例和構圖這樣的東西。
Uh, probably the closest thing to a formal analysis you might have written is for an English class.
可能你們寫過的和形式分析最相近的東西就是在英語課上了。
If you've, say, written an analysis of a poem, you've used the same skills.
假設，如果你們寫過詩歌分析的話，你們使用的是同樣的技巧。
You've given an analysis of the poem by describing and analyzing its form and meter.
你們通過描述和分析詩歌的形式和韻律來對它作出分析。
A formal analysis paper in art history is very similar.
藝術史的形式分析論文和這非常相似。
Now, before you begin writing your formal analysis, you wanna start with a summary of the overall appearance of the work, a brief description of what you see: either figures, people, what are they doing, or is it a landscape, or an abstract representation of something.
在你們開始寫形式分析之前，你們要先總結一下作品的整體外觀，簡要地描述一下你們看到的：無論是人物、人、他們在做的事情還是一個風景畫或者對某個事物的抽象描繪。
Tell what the subject is and what aspects are emphasized in the painting.
描述一下作品的主題是什么，以及畫作中強調了哪方面的內容。
This will give your reader an overview of what the work looks like before you analyze it.
這會在你開始分析之前，讓你的讀者對這個作品的樣子有一個大概的想法。
The next part of your paper, the actual formal analysis, would be the longest and most important section of your paper, where you describe and analyze individual design elements.
你們論文的下一個部分，也就是真正的形式分析會是論文中最長也是最重要的章節，你們要在這個部分描述并分析單獨的設計元素。
For this portion of the paper, you are going to rely on the notes you took at the museum because you should be able to describe in detail the design elements the artist uses and how they are used.
在論文的這個部分，你們就要依靠你們在博物館做的筆記了，因為你們應該能夠具體描述這個畫家使用的設計元素以及它們是如何應用的。
