評論
打印
Additionally, even though some fish in the population were maturing at an earlier age, none was actually growing faster.
另外，雖然種群中的一些魚成熟得比較早，但它們都沒有真的長得更快。
No cod has a way of speeding up its rate of growth, so the younger reproductive age actually meant that smaller fish were reproducing.
鱈魚沒有辦法加快它的生長速度，所以更年輕的繁殖年紀實際上意味著更小的魚在繁殖。
And when you're a small cod reproducing, you produce fewer eggs than a large cod.
而作為一條小鱈魚繁殖的時候，它能產出的卵比大鱈魚要少。
The smaller cods simply don't have the body mass to reproduce as many eggs.
小鱈魚直接沒有可以繁殖更多卵的體重。
The over-fishing pressure on the cod population was pushing the cod into an evolutionary corner.
鱈魚種群面對的過度捕撈壓力正把鱈魚逼進一個進化的困境。
They were having a harder and harder time surviving.
它們越來越難生存下去。
Student: But what can be done to prevent other scenarios like this?
學生：但是我們能做些什么來防止其他像這樣的情況發生呢？
I mean obviously we need a better way to manage environmental resources.
我的意思是，很明顯我們需要一個更好的方法管理環境資源。
Professor: Well, what do you guys suggest? Carol?
教授：那你們有什么建議呢？Carol，你來說一下？
Student: Hmm, uh, maybe privatize the resources?
學生：也許可以把資源私有化？
A private owner would want to manage the resource efficiently in a sustainable way.
私人擁有者會想要以一種可持續的方式有效管理資源的。
Professor: Ok, but the problem is privatization doesn't necessarily result in better management of an environmental resource.
教授：好吧，但問題是，私有化并不一定能帶來對環境資源的更好管理。
Any ideas why it wouldn't?
知道為什么不會嗎？
Student: Well, an individual owner might not properly assess the limits of the resource.
學生：個體擁有者也許不會正確地評估資源的限度。
So they could be just as prone to overexploiting that resource as a group where lots of people have access to it.
所以他們可能會有作為一個團隊過度開發這種資源的傾向，讓很多人都能使用它。
Professor: Yes. Well, like in the 1970s, when it was already clear the North American cod population was declining dramatically, the US and Canada declared a 200-mile exclusive economic zone in the waters around Cape Cod.
教授：是的。就像在二十世紀七十年代，當北美鱈魚數量正在急劇減少的情況已經變得很明朗時，美國和加拿大宣布在科德角附近的水域成立一個200英里的專屬經濟區。
By declaring an exclusive economic zone, you see, these two countries were trying to extend their territorial waters.
其實通過宣布成立一個專屬經濟區，這兩個國家是在試圖擴展他們的領海。
Basically it was as if they were saying, "we're the private owners. We own these waters. So we own the rights to the fish in them too."
基本上他們就是在說：“我們是私人擁有者，這些水域是我們的，所以我們也有權占有里面的魚。”
Essentially the two counties told fishing vessels, trollers from all other nations, to get out of the cod fishing area.
這兩個國家基本上把所有其他國家的漁船和拖鉤漁船都趕出了有鱈魚的水域。
You'd think that would be good news for the cod because there'd be less fishing.
你們可能以為這對鱈魚來說會是好消息，因為捕魚的變少了。
However, the US and Canada wanted to expel foreign trollers only in order to increase the number of their own fishing fleets.
然而，美國和加拿大想把那些外國的漁船趕出去只是為了增加他們自己的漁船數量。
The total number of fishing trollers actually increased.
漁船的總數實際上增加了。
Another possible solution, pass laws that regulate use of the resource.
另一個可能的解決方案是，通過一些控制資源使用的法律。
But for regulation to be effective, penalties for breaking the law have to be large enough to deter violators.
但是為了讓這些規定能夠行之有效，對違法行為的處罰必須大到能夠打消違反者的念頭。
