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Listen to part of a lecture in an architectural history class.
聽一段建筑史的講座。
Professor: So last week we started our unit on residential architecture in the United States.
教授：在上周，我們開始了關于美國住宅建筑的單元。
So today we'll be surveying a number of architects who made contributions to residential architecture in the 19th century.
今天我們將學習一些在19世紀對住宅建筑做出了貢獻的建筑師。
Now, it's worth noting that people who designed homes at that time probably had to deal with a certain amount of discouragement.
值得注意的是，在當時設計房屋的人可能需要面對一些挫折。
Since there were other architects who thought it was more respectable to design the kind of buildings...and maybe other structures...that were less...less utilitarian in their function.
因為其他建筑師認為它不如其他非實用的建筑物等等的設計值得尊敬。
In fact, an article from an 1876 issue of a journal called The American Architect and Building News stated that, and this is a quote, they stated that "the planning of houses isn't architecture at all"!
事實上，在1876年發行的一篇《美國建筑師和建筑新聞》的期刊里曾說過，引用他們的話是“設計房屋根本不屬于建筑學”！
So keep that journal article in mind as we look at the work of an architect named Harriet Morrison Irwin.
所以記著這篇期刊的文章，我們來看看一個叫哈里特·莫里森·歐文的建筑師的作品。
Harriet Morrison Irwin was from the South, born in North Carolina in 1828.
哈里特·莫里森·歐文來自南方，于1828年出生在北卡羅來納州。
At the time, there weren't many architects from the southern United States.
當時的美國南部沒有多少建筑師。
And as you might imagine, very few of them were women.
而且正如你們想象的，這些人中極少有女性。
So Irwin was really a pretty exceptional case.
所以歐文是一個非常特殊的情況。
And she wasn't even formally trained as an architect.
她甚至沒有正式受過建筑師方面的訓練。
Her educational background was in literature.
她的教育背景是在文學方面。
Yes, Vicky?
維琪，什么事？
Student: So she just had like...a natural gift for architecture?
學生：所以她就是有一種在建筑方面的自然天賦嗎？
Professor: Yes. She was actually a writer for several years.
教授：是的，實際上她當過好幾年作家。
But she did have a penchant for math and engineering, so she read a lot about it on her own.
但她確實特別的喜好數學和工程，所以她靠自己讀了很多關于建筑方面的內容。
Um...especially the architectural essays written by the British critic—John Ruskin.
尤其是當時英國的評論家約翰·拉斯金著的建筑論文。
And John Ruskin believed what?
而約翰·拉斯金是怎么想的？
Student: Um...that buildings should have a lot of access to the outdoors, to nature.
學生：建筑物應該更多地接近戶外，接近自然。
Ruskin said that being close to nature was great for people's mental and physical health.
拉斯金表示，接近大自然對人們的身心健康都非常有好處。
Professor: Right! So that was an influence.
教授：沒錯，所以這對她是一個影響。
