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為何君主制度依然存在
On Sept. 9th, 2015, Queen Elizabeth the Second surpassed her great-great grandmother Queen Victoria to become the longest running British monarch in history. But although the Queen is quite popular in the United Kingdom, about one in 6 Britons feel the monarchy should be completely abolished. So, why do we still have monarchies?
2015年9月9日，伊麗莎白二世女王超過她的高曾祖母維多利亞女王成為英國歷史上統治時間最長的君主。但是，盡管女王在英國非常受歡迎，然而六分之一的英國人認為應該完全取締君主制。那么，為什么君主制仍然存在呢？
Well, the United Kingdom isn’t the only country to retain a royal family. In fact,there are around 40 nations worldwide with monarchs - with various titles like King,Queen, Sultan and Emir. Many of these countries are leftover British colonies who still acknowledge the authority of Queen Elizabeth the Second.Several are still ruled through absolute monarchies.Nations like Swaziland and Qatar have hereditary rulers who exert full control over legislative,executive and judicial branches of the government.
英國并不是唯一一個仍然保留皇室家族的國家。實際上，全世界大約40個國家擁有君主——他們的頭銜各不相同，比如國王，女王，蘇丹和埃米爾。許多這些國家是殘余的英國殖民地，仍然認可伊麗莎白二世女王的權威。有幾個國家仍然通過絕對的君主制統治。斯威士蘭和卡塔爾等國家的統治者實行世襲制，完全控制著政府的立法，行政和司法系統。
One of the most successful absolute monarchies is in Vatican City, which is governed by the Pope. The rest are primarily in the Middle East and Africa. These nations tend to be plagued by human rights abuses because there aren’t sufficient checks on the monarch’s supreme power.
其中最成功的絕對的君主制在梵蒂岡城，由教皇統治。其他的主要在中東和非洲地區。這些國家踐踏人權罪行泛濫，因為對君主的超級權力沒有充分的監督和審查。
But in most nations with royal families, like Sweden or Japan, monarch power is minimal,and they have few if any official state duties.They retain mostly symbolic power, and exist as the face of the country for ceremonial functions. Known as the “head of state,”they differ from the “head of government,”who would be the actual political leader of the government.
但是在擁有王室家族的大部分國家，比如瑞典或日本，王權微乎其微，他們幾乎沒有任何官方責任。他們很大程度上只保留象征性的權力，他們的存在只在禮儀方面代表整個國家。作為國家元首，他們有別于政府元首。政府元首才是政府的政治領導人。
In the United Kingdom, one expert summed up the Queen’s duties as, “the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn.” The Queen’s political powers DO include appointing the Prime Minister and declaring War or Peace. However, traditionally,the monarch’s decisions in the UK have aligned with the constitutional government’s. If they ever were to disagree, these laws could change to remove the monarch’s authority.
在英國，一名專家總結女王的職責為，“被咨詢的權利，鼓勵的權利，并發出警告的權利”。女王的政治權利確實包括委任首相，宣布戰爭或和平狀態。然而，傳統來講，英國君主的決定與立憲政體一致。如果雙方決定不一致，這些法律可以做出改變來撤銷君主的權利。
For example, in 2008, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg refused to sign a euthanasia bill into law,although it had been approved by parliament.Luxembourg's parliament then promptly amended the constitution so that bills no longer needed the signature of the Grand Duke.
例如，2008年，盧森堡大公拒絕將安樂死法案簽署法律，盡管議會已經通過。盧森堡議會立即修改憲法，所以這些法案不再需要大公的簽名。
Today, one of the most important royal duties is with philanthropy. Queen Elizabeth the second is said to have “done more for charity than any other monarch in history”, helping to raise more than a billion dollars in aid.
現在，王室最主要的責任就是博愛和仁慈。伊麗莎白二世女王比歷史上任何一位君主在慈善事業方面付出的都多。
Overall, British royalty is said to contribute to more than 3,000 charities worldwide. Royal families also play a role in preserving a nation’s culture and history. The British crown jewels and a number of castles and palaces are owned by the state, but they are used by royalty to keep the UK’s historical traditions alive. Monarchies may be a thing of the past,but royal families are invaluable for cultural preservation, diplomacy, and philanthropy.
英國王室據稱在全世界開辦了3000多個慈善機構。王室家族在保護國家的文化和歷史方面也發揮著重要作用。英國王冠和一些城堡，宮殿都由國家所有，但是由王室使用，來保持英國的歷史傳統。君主或許是過去的國王，但是王室家族在保護文化，外交和慈善方面的價值是不可估量的。
Some British citizens, however, think that monarchy is outdated. Should Britain still have a king and queen? Learn more in Seeker Daily’s video.
然而，一些英國公民認為君主制過時了。英國應該保留國王和王后嗎？登錄我們的網站查看。
