評(píng)論
打印
=====精彩回顧===
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)可以制止槍擊暴力嗎
At least 355 mass shootings have occurred in the United States in 2015. That’s more than one every day, with the most recent claiming 14 lives in San Bernardino, California. After every major shooting tragedy, the bulk of the conversation is focused on gun control, with many blaming President Barack Obama for either doing too much, or not enough. So, can Obama actually stop gun violence?
2015年，美國(guó)共發(fā)生了至少355起群眾性槍擊事件。也就是每天超過(guò)一起。最新一起槍擊案發(fā)生在加利福尼亞的圣貝納迪諾，奪走了14人的生命。每次重大槍擊慘案后，對(duì)話(huà)都集中在槍支控制方面。許多人譴責(zé)奧巴馬總統(tǒng)做得太多，或者做得不夠。那么，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)能夠制止槍擊暴力嗎？
Well, debates on how to stop mass shootings tend to either call for the elimination of guns, or the promotion of gun rights. In either case, the only method to change the current legal situation is by passing, and enforcing new laws. However, the President’s scope within the US government’s separation of powers severely limits his ability to singlehandedly change the law.Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution allows Obama to pass or block legislation, however the job of crafting new laws is within the domain of Congress. Despite the President’s speeches calling for gun control, he cannot actually implement new laws by himself. He can, of course, attempt to influence Congress.
關(guān)于制止大規(guī)模槍擊案的辯論傾向于呼吁取締槍支，或者推出槍擊所有權(quán)。無(wú)論哪種情況，改變目前的司法形勢(shì)的唯一方法是通過(guò)并執(zhí)行新的法律。然而，總統(tǒng)在美國(guó)政府分權(quán)制度下的權(quán)力范圍限制了他單槍匹馬改變法律的能力。憲法第七部分第一款允許奧巴馬通過(guò)或阻止法律，然而起草新法律是國(guó)會(huì)的權(quán)利范圍。盡管總統(tǒng)講話(huà)呼吁控制槍支，他卻不能一個(gè)人實(shí)施新的法律。當(dāng)然，他可以試圖影響國(guó)會(huì)。
But the past two terms have shown that the President has very little power over Congressional opinion. There IS the possibility of Obama passing an executive order to bypass Congress. Executive orders are effectively laws which do not need Congressional approval. President Obama has actually passed more than 200 already, although Ronald Reagan passed nearly 400, and FDR passed 3 and a half thousand. But executive orders are not infallible decrees, they are subject to strict review by the third branch of government,the federal judiciary. Perhaps most importantly,they must still follow the constitution. Obama HAS already passed twenty-three executive ACTIONS in support of gun control. However these carry no legal weight, and are not treated like laws in the same way executive ORDERS are.
但是，過(guò)去的兩屆任期表明，總統(tǒng)對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)的意見(jiàn)幾乎沒(méi)有影響力。還有一種可能，總統(tǒng)可以頒布行政命令，繞過(guò)國(guó)會(huì)。行政命令是有效的法律，不需國(guó)會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。目前奧巴馬總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)通過(guò)了超過(guò)200條行政命令，而里根總統(tǒng)通過(guò)了近400條，富蘭克林· 德拉諾·羅斯福通過(guò)了3500條。但是行政命令不是絕對(duì)可靠的法令，需要經(jīng)過(guò)政府第三方，聯(lián)邦司法機(jī)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)格審核。或許最重要的是，行政命令也必須符合憲法規(guī)定。奧巴馬已經(jīng)通過(guò)了支持控制槍支的23條行政命令。然而，這些沒(méi)有任何司法意義，而且行政命令也不會(huì)受到與法律同等的對(duì)待。
Without the approval and support of the other two branches of government, the President’s powers are actually very limited. While Obama has extraordinary influence over US law, he is not a king or a dictator. But even though Obama doesn’t control Congress, US citizens do! If you want to affect change in politics, and live in the US, then write a letter, send an e-mail, or make a phone call to your Congressional Representative. And please don’t forget vote!
沒(méi)有政府其他兩個(gè)部門(mén)的批準(zhǔn)和支持，總統(tǒng)的權(quán)利實(shí)際上非常有限。盡管奧巴馬對(duì)美國(guó)法律有著非常重大的影響力，然而他不是國(guó)王或獨(dú)裁者。但是盡管奧巴馬并不控制國(guó)會(huì)，美國(guó)公民卻可以。如果你想要改變政治，而且你居住在美國(guó)，你可以向國(guó)會(huì)議員發(fā)送電子郵件或打電話(huà)。不要忘記投票。
Ideally, U.S. citizens would live in a country free of gun violence and mass shootings. For now, the U.S. has more mass shootings than any other developed country. Why is this?
理想的情況是，美國(guó)公民應(yīng)該生活在沒(méi)有槍支暴力和大規(guī)模槍擊事件的國(guó)家。現(xiàn)在，美國(guó)比其他任何發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的大規(guī)模槍擊案都多。為什么會(huì)這樣呢？
