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The Science of Laziness
我們為什么那么懶惰
It can feel good lounging around and doing nothing...sometimes too good! Whether it's to avoid work or escape physical activity,we've all had those days. But why are some people wied lazier than others? Is there a 'couch-potato gene' that causes lazy behaviour? Evolution has molded our brains and bodies to respond positively to natural rewards such as food, sex and even exercise. Wait - exercise?? Yup, the pleasure we experience comes largely from the dopamine system in our brain, which conveys these messages throughout the body,ultimately helping to ensure the survival of our species.
到處閑逛，什么都不做的感覺很好……有時感覺簡直太好了！無論是躲避工作還是逃避體育活動，我們都有這種想要偷懶的日子。但是為什么有的人比其他人更懶呢？有沒有一種所謂的“懶人基因”導致懶惰的行為呢？進化過程塑造我們的大腦和身體對食物，性愛甚至運動等自然反饋給出積極的反應。等等，運動？是的，我們經歷的愉快感主要來自大腦中的多巴胺系統，通過身體傳遞這些信息，最終確保我們的種族得以生存。
For many, the pleasure derived from exercise can become just as addictive as food and sex. But while we're all up for more food and sex, many struggle with the desire for physical activity, even though it's an essential part of human biology.
對許多人來說，來自運動的快樂像食物和性一樣上癮。但是在我們渴望更多食物和性愛的時候，許多人則不想參加體育活動，盡管這是人類生物學的必要部分。
Scientists studying mice have found an interesting genetic connection. After separating mice into two groups - those that chose to run on their wheel more often, and those that decided not to run as much - the difference was clear in their offspring. After 10 generations,the running mice would run on their wheels 75% more often than the other group, and by 16 generations they were running 7 miles a day as opposed to the average 4 miles. It seemed their motivation for physical activity was genetic.
科學家對老鼠進行研究，發現了有趣的基因聯系。他們把老鼠分成兩組，一些更經常奔跑，另一些則不那么喜歡跑動——它們的后代差異非常明顯。10代以后，喜歡跑動的老鼠比另外一組老鼠跑動的多75%。16代以后，喜歡跑動的老鼠每天跑7英里，而另外一組每天跑4英里。看上去，他們運動的動機似乎是基因決定的。
We all inherit genes from our parents that play a key role in the development of our brains, and these genes can make some people literally crave activity. In fact, the brains of the running mice had larger dopamine systems and regions that deal with motivation and reward. They needed activity, otherwise their brains would react similar to drug addicted rodents when deprived of cocaine or nicotine.They were genetically addicted to running.
我們都從父母那里遺傳在大腦發育中發揮關鍵作用的基因，這些基因會讓一些人渴望運動。實際上，跑動的老鼠的大腦擁有更大的多巴胺系統和腦區，用來處理動機和回報。它們需要活動，否則，它們的大腦做出的反應就像有毒癮的嚙齒動物被剝奪了可卡因或尼古丁一樣。它們從的基因決定它們對奔跑上癮。
We also inherit genes responsible for our other traits - from impulsivity, to procrastination to work ethic and straight up laziness. And it turns out our physical laziness may be linked to a couch potato gene - or rather,a mutation in a normal gene which regulates activity levels. This gene is responsible for a type of dopamine receptor - without it, you're more likely to prefer sitting around,and simply doing less than those who have the properly functioning gene.
我們也繼承了負責其他性格個點的基因——從沖動，拖拉，職業道德到懶惰。事實表明，我們的身體懶惰似乎與沙發土豆基因有關——或者控制體育活動水平的正常基因發生了突變。這種基因負責多巴胺接收器——如果沒有的話，你更有可能喜歡坐著，比擁有功能正常的基因的人更少活動。
So the truth is, your desire for activity may not be entirely up to you. But many environmental factors are also at play, which means you aren't doomed to a life of laziness. Although making a change will be harder for some, knowledge is power. So if you think you are genetically lazy, get off the couch and fight your DNA.Your brain will reward you in the end.
所以，事實是，你對活動的渴望可能不完全取決于你自己。但是許多活動因素也發揮著作用，這意味著你的懶惰不是注定的。盡管對一些人來說很難做出改變，然而知識就是力量。如果你認為你天生懶惰，走下沙發，向你的DNA挑戰。你的大腦會給你回報。
