評論
打印
Anti-Semitism
反猶太主義
Be not afraid
莫怕莫怕
Britain is nowhere near as anti-Semitic as is supposed
英國人遠(yuǎn)不及料想中那么反猶太
IN ONE Jewish school in London, pupils drill for a possible terrorist attack. A synagogue has cancelled a children's trip to Disneyland in France. Police and community groups have stepped up patrols in Jewish areas. After the murderous attack on a kosher supermarket in Paris on January 9th, British Jews are scared. Should they be?
在倫敦當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰q太學(xué)校里，學(xué)生們?yōu)殡S時可能發(fā)生的恐怖襲擊進(jìn)行著日常演練。一個猶太教堂也取消了孩子們?nèi)ネ▏鲜磕嶂?。警察和社區(qū)組織已加強(qiáng)在猶太區(qū)的巡邏。在1月9號發(fā)生在巴黎一家猶太超市的謀殺事件之后，英國的猶太人恐慌了。那么他們應(yīng)該恐慌么？
Jews worried even before the killings. In a study of British Jews last year by the Institute for Jewish Policy Research (JPR), almost 70% said that they felt anti-Semitism had increased in the past five years. Considering the atrocities in Paris, it should come as no surprise that many Jews feel uneasy in a way that they have not for some time, says Ephraim Mirvis, Britain's chief rabbi. But he cautions against alarmism. Indeed: though some statistics suggest otherwise, anti-Semitism is not rising.
甚至在巴黎恐怖狂潮之前猶太人就已經(jīng)草木皆兵了。一份來自猶太政策研究所（JPR）的針對英國猶太人的研究表明，有近70％的猶太人表示他們感覺反猶太主義在過去的五年不斷滋長。見識過巴黎的暴行事件，也就不訝異會有那么多的猶太人在某種程度上會神經(jīng)緊繃過一段時間，英國拉比首領(lǐng)蓮莫維斯表示。但他也反對危言聳聽。事實(shí)上：盡管一些數(shù)據(jù)也顯示出猶太人猶如驚弓之鳥的心理，但反猶太主義并沒有上漲。
Research last year from the Pew Global Attitudes survey suggests that just 7% of Britons harbour unfavourable views of Jews. That is a little less than in France and much lower than in Italy or Greece, where the rates are 24% and 47% respectively. The figure in Britain has been fairly stable—hovering between 7% and 9%—for a decade, points out Daniel Staetsky of JPR. Levels of prejudice against Muslims are higher in Britain, as in other European countries.
去年皮尤全球民意調(diào)查的一份研究表示，僅有7％的英國人對猶太人有偏見。這樣的人數(shù)比例高于法國，且遠(yuǎn)比意大利和希臘低，意大利和希臘的偏見人群比例分別是24％和47％。JPR的Daniel Staetsky指出，英國的這一數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定了——十年間一直在7％與9％之間波動。相比于其他歐洲國家，英國人對穆斯林的偏見水平較高。
The Community Security Trust (CST), a charity that monitors anti-Semitic incidents, reckons that there were 529 in 2013, the lowest tally since 2005. None involved grievous violence. But the outfit reckons that there was an uptick in 2014. The first half of the year saw a 36% increase on 2013. Last July the CST recorded 302 incidents, its highest ever monthly total. London's Metropolitan Police say the numbers of hate crimes against Jews reported last year almost doubled, though they remain low.
社區(qū)安全互信（CST），一個監(jiān)控著反猶太主義事件的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，統(tǒng)計(jì)出在2013年有529起反猶太主義事件，是自2005年起的歷史最低。但該組織預(yù)測在2014年此類事件發(fā)生頻率會有所上升。2014年上半年在2013年的基礎(chǔ)上增加了36％。去年7月，CST統(tǒng)計(jì)了302起反猶太主義事件，創(chuàng)下了月份總計(jì)的新高。倫敦大都會警察表示，去年對反猶太犯罪控訴的數(shù)量幾乎翻了一番，盡管他們?nèi)匀槐３值退健?/div>
That has much to do with events elsewhere in the world. Anti-Semitic incidents tend to track violence in the Middle East. A sharp rise in 2009 coincided with Israel's assault on the Gaza Strip. A rise in 2014 would coincide with Israel's summer incursion into Gaza. Criticism of Israel is not the same as anti-Semitism, and the CST is careful to distinguish between the two. But, the organisation points out, the former can be used to bash Jews more generally.
這與世界上其他國家發(fā)生的事情有很大的關(guān)系。反猶太主義事件有沿襲中東暴力事件的趨勢。在2009年恰逢以色列加沙地帶襲擊事件，反猶太主義事件發(fā)生次數(shù)明顯上升。而在2014年的數(shù)量上升可能與以色列侵入加沙有關(guān)。對以色列地區(qū)犯罪的批評和對反猶太主義不易昂，CST也很小心仔細(xì)的區(qū)分這兩類事件。但是，該組織指出，前者更普遍能用于攻擊猶太人。
The CST also notes that many incidents occur around the Jewish high holy days, when more people are going to and from synagogues. In 2013 incidents most commonly involved public verbal abuse hurled at visibly Jewish people, including shouts of “Heil Hitler” and “fucking Jewish bastards”. Changes in the demography of British Jews may exacerbate this. The haredi, or ultra-Orthodox, are a growing proportion of British Jews. Their clothes mark them out clearly as Jewish, as do the schools they attend and the areas where they live. As their numbers swell, abuse could increase, even as anti-Semitism more generally does not budge.
CST還注意到，在猶太人的神圣日許發(fā)生了多事件，而這一天的猶太教堂也人來人往。2013年的發(fā)生的事件大多是涉及到公共場合對猶太人的辱罵，包括向他們喊“希特勒萬歲”和“狗娘養(yǎng)的猶太混蛋”。英國的猶太人人口結(jié)構(gòu)的改變很可能刺激這類事件發(fā)生。正統(tǒng)派，或是極端正統(tǒng)派是英國猶太人中正不斷壯大的團(tuán)體。他們的衣著明顯表明他們是猶太人，在他們的學(xué)校和居住的區(qū)域身著此類服裝大方出入。隨著他們?nèi)藬?shù)的增加，對他們的惡言也會隨之增加，甚至是反猶太主義也會逐步增加。譯者：張娣
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