重點講解：
1. be composed of
組成；構成；
eg. The sea water is mainly composed of water and salt.
海水主要由水和鹽組成。
eg. Our class is composed of eighteen boys and twelve girls.
我們班由18個男生和12個女生組成。
2. turn into
（使）變成；（使）成為；
eg. We saw their hope turn into a snare, and their rejoicing into weeping.
我們看到他們的希望化為泡影，他們的歡樂變成哀泣。
eg. From the evaporation of water, people know that liquids can turn into gases under certain conditions.
根據水的蒸發現象，人們認識到液體在一定條件下可以變成氣體。
3.tend towards
傾向于，容易表現出（某種特性）；
eg. Artistic and intellectual people tend towards left-wing views.
搞藝術的人和知識分子容易持“左傾”觀點。
eg. Our school dramas tend towards comedy and farce.
我們學校編排的戲劇傾向于喜劇和滑稽劇。
4. join in
加入，參加（活動）；
eg. I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun.
我希望每個人都能夠加入進來，玩得開心。
eg. He started to sing and I joined in.
他開始唱起歌來，然后我也跟著唱起來。
5. be made of
（由…）構成的；（由…）制成的；
eg. The top of the table is made of glass.
桌面由玻璃制成。
eg. This salad is made of apple, pear, potato and celery.
這份色拉是由蘋果、梨、土豆和芹菜做成的。
6. by-product
副產品；
eg. The raw material for the tyre is a by-product of petrol refining.
制造輪胎的原材料是提煉汽油時產生的一種副產品。
eg. I think nobody will disagree that pollution is a by-product of industrialization.
污染是工業化的一個副產品,我想沒人會不同意這看法的.
7. consist of
由…組成；由…構成；
eg. Breakfast consisted of porridge served with butter.
早餐是麥片粥配佐餐黃油。
eg. Her crew consisted of children from Devon and Cornwall.
她的團隊由來自德文郡和康沃爾郡的孩子們組成。