23. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: "We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing."
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought (that)...,后跟賓語從句:schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children。引號里面的內(nèi)容是對前面賓語從句的補(bǔ)充說明。
【譯文】拉夫·瓦爾多·愛默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和僵化的書本學(xué)習(xí)是對孩子們天性的束縛:“我們被關(guān)在學(xué)校和大學(xué)的背誦室里,一關(guān)就是10到15年,最后出來時(shí)滿腹經(jīng)論卻什么都不懂?!?br />【點(diǎn)撥】l)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的,嚴(yán)厲的;枯燥的”。2)put/ place/ impose/ lay/ exercise restraints on “對…加以限制,束縛”。3)a bellyful of“一肚子的,滿腹”。
24. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order,and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, imagines.
【分析】并列句。while連接兩個(gè)分句,形成對比關(guān)系。前一個(gè)句子的主語為Intelligence,謂語為seeks,賓語為 to grasp, manipulate, recorder 和 adjust。后一個(gè)句子的主語為intellect,謂語為并列的六個(gè)動詞examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes 和 imagines。
【譯文】智力尋求的是理解、應(yīng)用、整合和調(diào)節(jié),而才智是審視、思考、懷疑、形成理論、批判和想象。
【點(diǎn)撥】1)本句中g(shù)rasp意為“理解,領(lǐng)會”,此外還有“咬住;抓?。C(jī)會)”的意思。2)theorize“推理;創(chuàng)建理論,建立學(xué)說”。