7. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.

【分析】復合句。句子主干為Some use them,兩個并列的不定式結構to keep…or gather…在句中作目的狀語。第二個目的狀語中又含有一個表示目的的不定式短語to arm…；when引導的時間狀語從句省略了主語和系動詞。

【譯文】一些人利用搜索代理密切關注著市場對自己行業的需求，或者搜集有關薪水的信息，以便在協商加薪時有所準備。

【點撥】1) keep a close watch on sth. “密切關注…”。 2 ) line of work“行業”。

8. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

【分析】復合句。句子主干為this... refers to discrimination。主語this和謂語refers to之間插入了介詞短語for those…作狀語，其中unaware of...作those的后置定語。賓語discrimination后的介詞短語against those…作其后置定語，其中又包含whose引導的定語從句修飾those。

【譯文】對于那些還沒有意識到這個劣勢的人而言，這種不公平就是指對那些姓氏字母排在字母表后半部分的人的歧視。

【點撥】discrimination against sb./sth. “對某人或某物的歧視”。