3. This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.

【分析】復合句。句子的主干是This success led Ericsson to conclude that…。過去分詞結構 coupled with … determined作定語修飾this success,其中的分詞結構showing that …修飾 later research,其中包含一個 that 引導的賓語從句；最后一個that引導的從句作conclude 的賓語。
【譯文】后來進行的研究表明了記憶本身并不是由基因決定的，這些結果與第一次實驗的成功讓埃瑞克森得出結論：記憶能力與其說是一種天生能力，不如說是一種認知行為。

【點撥】coupled with/together with/along with...引導一種修飾主語的成分，往往用在主語后，謂語前。

4. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information.

【分析】復合句。主句主干為those differences are swamped。Whatever 引導讓步狀語,其中，two people may exhibit. . . memorize為省略了關系詞的定語從句，修飾 differences；句末how引導的從句作介詞by的賓語。
【譯文】換句話說，不管兩個人天生的記憶力差距有多大,這些差距都可以被一個人對信息進行“編碼”的能力的強弱掩蓋。

【點撥】inborn difference意為“先天的差異”。