20. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.
【分析】簡單句。句子主干為 The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory。介詞短語 in the presidential...作狀語,其中包含 by 引導的方式狀語。
【譯文】3/5代表權的規定讓選舉團中支持杰弗遜的南方各州的人數增多,使杰弗遜在1800年的總統選舉中以微弱優勢勝出。
【點撥】1) hand Sb. Sth. 本意為“遞給某人某物”,本句中引申為“幫助某人獲得某物”的意思。2) narrow victory 意為“險勝,以微弱優勢獲勝”。3) inflate 作及物動詞時,愿意為“使充氣;使通貨膨脹”,本句中意為“使大量增加”。
21. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
【分析】并列句。分句將兩個并列的簡單句隔開。在前一個分句中,Once in office 為條件狀語;后一分句中,including...作伴隨狀語。
【譯文】登上總統寶座以后,杰佛遜在1803年通過購買路易斯安那州擴大了奴隸制的存在范圍。這片新的國土也被劃分為13個州,其中包括三個實行奴隸制的州。
【點撥】carve into 本義為“雕刻成”,在本句中意為“分割成”。
n. 選舉