20. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.
【分析】簡單句。句子主干為 The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory。介詞短語 in the presidential...作狀語,其中包含 by 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語。
【譯文】3/5代表權(quán)的規(guī)定讓選舉團(tuán)中支持杰弗遜的南方各州的人數(shù)增多,使杰弗遜在1800年的總統(tǒng)選舉中以微弱優(yōu)勢勝出。
【點(diǎn)撥】1) hand Sb. Sth. 本意為“遞給某人某物”,本句中引申為“幫助某人獲得某物”的意思。2) narrow victory 意為“險(xiǎn)勝,以微弱優(yōu)勢獲勝”。3) inflate 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),愿意為“使充氣;使通貨膨脹”,本句中意為“使大量增加”。
21. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
【分析】并列句。分句將兩個(gè)并列的簡單句隔開。在前一個(gè)分句中,Once in office 為條件狀語;后一分句中,including...作伴隨狀語。
【譯文】登上總統(tǒng)寶座以后,杰佛遜在1803年通過購買路易斯安那州擴(kuò)大了奴隸制的存在范圍。這片新的國土也被劃分為13個(gè)州,其中包括三個(gè)實(shí)行奴隸制的州。
【點(diǎn)撥】carve into 本義為“雕刻成”,在本句中意為“分割成”。
n. 選舉