英文原文:
It doth not become green heads to advise grey hairs.
錯誤譯文:
新手不能向老人提出忠告。
正確譯文:
年輕人忠告老年人是不合適的。
翻譯加油站:
這是18世紀英國作家Henry Fielding說的一句話。(doth是does的古時用法)原譯者知道grey hair 指“老人”,但他把green heads 譯作“新手”卻錯了,“新手”應該是green hand(s)。其實,略微思考一下就應該能想到,句中的green heads是和 gray hair相對的,不可能扯到“新手”上去。
這一句的關鍵在become一詞。通常become是一個系動詞,意思是“成為”。也許原譯者覺得“成為”之意在本句里說不通,于是干脆忽略不譯。這是翻譯的一大忌諱。Become一詞還有一個用法,即作為及物動詞,意思為“適合”、“同……相稱”,如:
He said no more than what became him as master of the house. 他只說了些符合主人身份的話。
正確譯法:年輕人忠告老年人是不合適的。(從內容上說這句話并不正確,不過很長時期人們都這么說。)類似句子為:
It would not become me to criticize you, gentlemen, who are really all my elders-and my superiors, in this thing. 諸位先生,你們幾乎都是我的前輩——在這個問題上都是我的師長——我是不配向你們提出任何批評的。
英語里還有一個利用become構成的雙關謎語:
When will a dress turn into a human being?
When it becomes her?
由become的這個意思還產生了形容詞becoming和副詞becomingly:
The light on her face was very becoming. 她臉上的光澤非常柔和。
He seemed quite at a loss for words to express his admiration becomingly. 看上去他完全不知道如何恰到好處地表達他的愛慕之情。