1. Mary now faced the rebel armies loyal to the murdered Darnley.
要點講解:這是一個簡單句。句中的loyal to the murdered Darnley是屬于形容詞短語,所以它必須放于被修飾詞的后面,修飾armies,做后置定語。再如:
例1:I think he is a man suitable for the job.(我認(rèn)為他是適合做這項工作的人。)
例2:We need a place twice larger than this one.(我們需要一個比這里大一倍的地方。)
此外,在這個形容詞短語中,murdered是過去分詞作前置定語。它和被修飾詞Darnley存在的是被動關(guān)系,是達(dá)恩利被謀殺,因此要用過去分詞。
2. But on the verge of battle, Bothwell conveniently disappeared to gather reinforcements, or so he said, leaving Mary to face the enemy on her own.
結(jié)構(gòu)剖析:這是含有現(xiàn)在分詞短語的復(fù)合句。
主句是:on the verge of battle, Bothwell conveniently disappeared to gather reinforcements,現(xiàn)在分詞短語是:leaving Mary to face the enemy on her own,剩余的or so he said是做插入語,but是起到承上啟下的作用,表示轉(zhuǎn)折。
在主句中on the verge of battles是介詞短語作時間狀語。
現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀況狀語。(詳細(xì)講解:Bothwell借口以去召集增援部隊而離開Mary時,Mary是給拋棄而獨自面對敵人,Mary的這話中處境是伴隨Bothwell離開的那些時間而同時發(fā)生的,因此判斷為伴隨狀況狀語。)
3. Dragged back to Edinburgh, captive, filthy and disheveled, she appeared at a window, her dress torn from her shoulders, her breasts exposed, and was greeted by a mob howling abuse.
結(jié)構(gòu)剖析:這是一個有并列連詞and連接的2個并列分句。
(1)第一個是:Dragged back to Edinburgh, captive, filthy and disheveled, she appeared at a window, her dress torn from her shoulders, her breasts exposed。第二個是:was greeted by a mob howling abuse。
(2)在第一個分句中含有一個過去分詞短語和2個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。過去分詞短語是:dragged back to Edinburgh。這個過去分詞短語作時間狀語,可以改為時間狀語從句:when she was dragged back to Edinburgh。Drag這個詞在這里的意思是“迫使”的意思,它與主句的主語she是被動關(guān)系(注:她是被迫回到Edinburgh。),因此用過去分詞短語。
(3)在主句中有三個形容詞captive, filthy 和disheveled,它們都是做伴隨狀況狀語,修飾謂語appear。(詳解:當(dāng)瑪麗女王出現(xiàn)在窗口時候的狀況是被俘虜?shù)模a臟的,頭發(fā)蓬亂的。)
(4)主句中的2個獨立主格是her dress torn from her shoulders, her breasts exposed。第一個主句是her dress,省略謂語系動詞,直接跟標(biāo)語torn from her shoulder。第二個主語是he breast,同樣省略了系動詞,后面接exposed,也是表語。這兩個表示都過去分詞性質(zhì)的形容詞。
(5)在第二個分句中,主語和第一個分句共用一個主語she,這樣顯得簡潔。其中又一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語howling abuse修飾mod。