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The measures spread across America.
美國各地紛紛效仿他的做法
Just 16 years after Colonel Waring,half of all cities have waste collection.
在華林上校的開創之舉僅僅16年后，全美一半的城市實行了垃圾回收制度
And it is not just waste. By 1907, every large city in the nation has sewers.
不僅如此，到1907年美國所有大城市建立起了城市下水道系統
By 1909, there are 42,040 miles of sewers in America.
到1909年，美國城市下水道總長度達42040英里
The battle against filth, crime and poverty has begun.
一場對抗污穢、犯罪和貧窮的戰爭已經打響
But one of the city's greatest innovations is still in its infancy.
不過， 一項城市發展過程中偉大的發明，此刻仍在萌芽之中
One man will change the urban landscape forever.
有一個人的發明將徹底改變城市的面貌
Menlo Park, New Jersey, 1879.
新澤西州，門洛帕克，1879年
Thomas Edison: inventor, entrepreneur, showman.
托馬斯·愛迪生，發明家、企業家、電影制片人
He was taken out of school as a boy, but that won't stop him from becoming synonymous with inventions that define the modern era.
小時候曾被學校勒令退學的他，卻在日后將愛迪生這個名字，與眾多改變世界的現代發明緊緊聯系起來
He pushes his team hard, 24/7, in one of the world's first R&D labs.
他的研發實驗室是世界上最早的實驗室之一，他要求實驗團隊夜以繼日地連續工作
It will generate more than 1,000 patents.
這里將會誕生超過1000件專利發明
America still lights the night in the dangerous flick candles, gas and kerosene.
當時美國人在夜晚來臨后只能使用蠟燭、汽油和煤油等不安全的照明燈具
Edison thinks he has a better idea,if he can get a filament to burn slowly in a vacuum.
愛迪生認為他的新設計能改變這種局面，他的構想是使燈絲在真空中緩慢燃燒
The electric light bulb.
這就是后來的白熾燈泡
Platinum.
鉑金可行嗎
Edison locks himself in his lab, doesn't sleep for days.
愛迪生把自己反鎖在實驗室中連續幾天不曾合眼
The stakes are high.
這是場豪賭
His backers have sunk $130,000 into his research, millions in today's money.
投資者給他的研究投入了13萬美元，相當于今天數百萬美元
He claimed to have gone through 6,000 materials from the plant world alone in his search for the perfect filament.
他宣稱，光在植物中就試驗了6000多種材料，就為了尋找理想的燈絲
Turn on the lamp, Jack.
杰克，開燈試下
Spruce.Beard. Fish line.Thread.Teak. Boxwood. Celluloid, parchment.
云杉、胡須、釣魚線、線頭、柚木、黃楊木、賽璐珞、羊皮紙
Then something extraordinary happens.Cardboard.
接著 ，一件奇妙的事情發生了，厚紙板
