雪萊(1792—1822),19世紀英國著名浪漫主義詩人。出生在一個古老而保守的貴族家庭。少年時在皇家的伊頓公學就讀。1810年入牛津大學學習,開始追求民主自由。1811年,詩人因為寫作哲學論文推理上帝的不存在,宣傳無神論,被學校開除;也因此得罪父親,離家獨居。1812年,詩人又偕同新婚的妻子赴愛爾蘭參加那兒人們反抗英國統治的斗爭,遭到英國統治階級的忌恨。1814年,雪萊與妻子離婚,與瑪麗小姐結合。英國當局趁機對雪萊大加誹謗中傷,雪萊憤然離開祖國,旅居意大利。1822年7月8日,詩人出海航行遭遇暴風雨,溺水而亡。詩人一生創作了大量優秀的抒情詩及政治詩,《致云雀》、《西風頌》、《自由頌》、《解放了的普羅米修斯》、《暴政的假面游行》等詩都一直為人們傳唱不衰。
《西風頌》雪萊“三大頌”詩歌中的一首,寫于1819年。詩人用優美而蓬勃的想象寫出了西風的形象。那氣勢恢宏的詩句,強烈撼人的激情把西風的狂烈、急于掃除舊世界創造新世界的形象展現在人們面前。詩中比喻奇特,形象鮮明,枯葉的腐朽、狂女的頭發、黑色的雨、夜的世界無不深深地震撼著人們的心靈。 詩歌的后兩段寫詩人與西風的應和。“我跌在生活的荊棘上,我流血了!”這令人心碎的詩句道出了詩人不羈心靈的創傷。盡管如此,詩人愿意被西風吹拂,愿意自己即將逝去的生命在被撕碎的瞬間感受到西風的精神,西風的氣息;詩人愿奉獻自己的一切,為即將到來的春天奉獻。在詩的結尾,詩人以預言家的口吻高喊:“要是冬天已經來了,西風呵,春日怎能遙遠?”這里,西風已經成了一種象征,它是一種無處不在的宇宙精神,一種打破舊世界,追求新世界的西風精神。詩人以西風自喻,表達了自己對生活的信念和向舊世界宣戰的決心。
Ode to the West Wind
西風頌
第一節
O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Pestilence-stricken multitudes:O thou
Who chariltest to their dark wintry bed
The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
Each like a corpse within its grave, until
Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
With living hues and odors plain and hill:
Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
Destroyer and presserver; hear, oh, hear!
你是秋的呼吸,啊,奔放的西風;
你無形地蒞臨時,殘葉們逃亡,
它們像回避巫師的成群鬼魂:
黑的、慘紅的、鉛灰的,還有蠟黃,
患瘟疫而死掉的一大群。啊,你,
送飛翔的種籽到它們的冬床,
它們躺在那兒,又暗、又冷、又低,
一個個都像尸體埋葬于墓中,
直到明春你青空的妹妹吹起
她的號角,喚醒了大地的迷夢,
驅羊群似地驅使蕾兒吐馨,
使漫山遍野鋪上了姹紫嫣紅;
你周流上下四方,奔放的精靈,
是破壞者,又是保護者;聽呀聽!
第二節
Thou on whose stream, 'mid the steep sky's commotion,
Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shedd,
Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
angels of rain and lightning:there are spread
On the blue surface of thine airy surge,
Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
Of the horizon to the Zenith's height,
The locks of the approaching storm.Thou dirge
Of the dying year, to which this closing night
Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
Vaulted with all thy congregated might
Of vapoursr, from whose solid atmosphere
Black rain, and fire , and hail will burst :oh, hear!
你在動亂的太空中掀起激流,
那上面飄浮著落葉似的云塊,
掉落自天與海的錯綜的枝頭:
它們是傳送雨和閃電的神差。
你那氣流之浪濤的碧藍海面,
從朦朧的地平線到天的頂蓋,
飄蕩著快來的暴風雨的發辮,
像美娜德頭上金黃色的亂發
隨風飄動;你為這將逝的殘年,
唱起挽歌;待到夜的帷幕落下,
將成為這一年的巨冢的圓頂,
你用凝聚的云霧為它作支架,
而從這濃云密霧中,將會涌迸:
電火、冰雹和黑的雨水;啊你聽!
第三節
Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams
Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
And saw in sleep old palaces and fowers
Quivering within the eave's intenser day,
All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
So sweet, the sense faints picturing them!Thou
For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
And tremble and esepoil themselves:oh, hear!
你也把青青的地中海水喚醒,
他原在貝宜灣的一個浮島邊,
沉醉于他夏日幻夢里的美景,
被一圈圈晶瑩的漣漪所催眠,
他夢見了古老的宮殿和樓閣
蕩漾于更明朗皎潔的水中天,
滿披著翡翠似的苔蘚和花朵,
花朵多芬芳,那氣息使人醉迷;
浩瀚的大西洋本來平靜無波,
隨著你的腳步而裂開;在海底,
那些枝葉沒有漿汁的濕樹林,
還有海花,聽到你來臨的聲息,
便突然地變色,它們大吃一驚,
瑟瑟地發抖,紛紛調謝。啊你聽!
第四節
If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee:
A wave to pant beneath thy power , and share
The impulse of thy strength, only less free
Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
I were as im my boyhood, and could be
The comrade of thy wanderigs over Heaven,
As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
Oh, lift me as a wave , a leaf, a cloud!
I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed
One too lke thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
如果我是任你吹的落葉一片;
如果我是隨著你飛翔的云塊;
如果是波浪,在你威力下急喘,
享受你神力的推動,自由自在,
幾乎與你一樣,啊,你難制的力!
再不然,如果能回返童年時代,
常陪伴著你在太空任意飄飛,
以為要比你更神速也非幻想;
那我就不致處此窘迫境地,
向你苦苦求告:啊,快使我高揚,
像一片樹葉、一朵云、一陣浪濤!
我碰上人生的荊棘,鮮血直淌!
時光的重負困著我,把我壓倒,
我太像你了:難馴、迅速而驕傲。
第五節
Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
What if my leavers are falling like its own!
The tmult of thy mighty harmonies
Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
Like witheered leaves to quicken a new birth!
And , by the incantation of this verse,
Scatter, is from an unextinguished hearth
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
Be through my lips to unawakened earth
The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
If Winter comes , can Spring be far behind?
把我當作你的琴,當作那樹叢,
縱使我的葉子凋落又何妨?
在你怒吼咆哮的雄渾交響中,
將有樹林和我的深沉的歌唱,
我們將唱出秋聲,婉轉而憂愁。
精靈呀,讓我變成你,猛烈、剛強!
把我僵死的思想驅散在宇宙,
就像一片片枯葉,以鼓舞新生;
請你聽從我這詩篇中的符咒,
把我的話傳播給全世界的人,
猶如從不滅的爐中吹出火花!
請向未醒的大地,借我的嘴唇,
像號角般吹出一聲聲預言吧!
如果冬天來了,春天還會遠嗎?