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二、句子成分轉換
句子成分轉換是指英語中的某一句子成分已成漢語時轉換成另一種句子成分。
１、主語和賓語轉換
有靈動詞：有生命的主語接
無靈動詞：無生命的主語接
American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.
托馬斯·杰斐遜對美國的教育事業做出了巨大貢獻。
Her presence of mind had not completely deserted her; but she could not have trusted herself to speak.
她雖沒有完全失去鎮靜，可是卻又找不出話可說。
他于 9 月 3 日攻克了布魯塞爾，次日又拿下了安特衛普。
２、定語和賓語轉換
Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.
自建國以來，每一代美國人都被要求宣誓效忠于祖國。
3、定語和狀語轉換
He will give an immediate reply.
他會立即答復。
三、表達方式轉換
score, dozen, decade, quarter
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation.87年
She will be back in the last ten days of June.六月下旬
During the first part of his life, Watt studied weather and storm.年輕時
His father is in his sixties.年逾花甲
She has been a widow only for six months.他丈夫死了不到半年。
Our men’s wear 25% discount.七五折
You are quite a stranger here. 這里的人不認識你
There used to be a river here two centuries back of this. 兩個世紀以前
I’m low IQ, you know. 我很笨； low EQ(吃不開)；low AQ(沉不住氣)
There is always a place for you at your table.
請你隨時來吃便飯。
四、正面表達與反面表達轉換——正反譯法
有些從正面表達的東西在漢語中卻習慣從反面來表達，而有些從反面表達的東西在漢語中卻習慣從正面來表達。這就是我們通常所說的“正反譯法”。
Ø 英語正面表達轉換為漢語反面表達
frost-free refrigerator
無霜冰箱
duty-free zone
免稅區
carefree
無憂無慮的
Wet paint!
油漆未干！
Stop talking nonsense!
別胡扯了！
He yelled “Freeze!”
他大喝一聲：“不許動！”
Keep off the lawn!
請勿踐踏草坪！
I failed to understand your meaning.
我弄不懂你的意思。
The coffee is too sweet to bear.
咖啡甜得讓人受不了。
Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?
你想知道她為什么不想見到你？
Her husband hates to see her stony face.
她丈夫不愿意見到她那張面無表情的臉。
A person who does a regrettable action is often regretful afterwards.
行為不檢點的人，日后往往要后悔。
The naughty boy is far from honest and his excuse is pretty thin.
這個調皮的男孩很不老實，他的借口一點也站不住腳。
You have roused my curiosity. And now you must gratify it.
你現在已經激起我的好奇心了，那現在你別在賣關子了。
Appearances are often deceptive.
外表往往是靠不住的。
At the news of his father’s death, he remained quiet for several days.
一聽到他父親的死訊，他好幾天一言不發。
Ø 英語反面表達轉換為漢語正面表達
I adhered to all the courtesies I had been taught. This frustrated my son to no end.
我遵從所有我學過的禮貌和規矩，這使我兒子大為失望。
You can’t be too careful.
你越仔細越好。
We could not be more mistaken.
我們大錯特錯。
The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.
到目前為止，聯合國辜負了世界人民寄予的希望。
For three weeks I held both jobs, working from eight in the morning until
三周來我身兼兩職，每天從早上八點一直工作到午夜。我的一生中以那段時光最為快樂。
五、被動語態與主動語態轉換（轉態譯法）
1、被動到主動
1） 多種被動詞
“受……”、“遭……”、“由……”、“給……”、“為……所……”、“予以……”、“加以……”
He was released immediately after Oct 7.
一過十月七號，他獲釋了。
He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility.
據說他為鄧（小平）的靈活態度所感動
2） 省略被動詞（同時可以作及物、不及物的詞）
The risk of global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced.
全球核沖突的危險性已經大大減小了。
（注意：在此been可以刪除，四大趨勢的詞都可同樣使用）
Over 700 of the world’s finest footballers were gathered in
700多名世界頂尖足球運動員聚集在日本和韓國參加第17屆世界杯比賽。
3） 主被交換
a) 主語+謂語+狀語 結構的被動句，結構調整為：狀語+謂語+賓語（原主語），
Movies were first made in
一戰前好萊塢首次制作了電影。
b) 主語（受動者）+謂語+（by）施動者 結構的被動句, 處理為施動者+謂語+受動者的主動結構
The mobile phone boom is driven by the young adults.
年輕人推動了移動電話市場的繁榮。
4） 形式主語法
“據……”
It is said that… 據說……
It is reported that… 據報道……
It is calculated that… 據統計……
不定代詞
“有人”、“大家”、“人們”
It is believed that… 有人（我們、人們）相信（認為）……
It is generally considered that… 大家認為……
It is well-known… 眾所周知……
It is rarely known… 鮮為人知……
2、主動到被動
1) 馬路兩旁是整齊的梧桐樹。
The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees.
2) 我也佩服你的見解。
I was also struck by your suggestions.
3) 全國人民所渴望的政治協商會議現在開幕了。
The Political Consultative Conference so eagerly awaited by the whole nation is herewith inaugurated.
4) 全國同胞們，中華人民共和國現已宣告成立。
Fellow-countrymen, the founding of the People’s Republic of
